I tried to bind urea with my hydroxyapatite, but XRD does not confirm it (peaks for urea was not found in the urea-HAp ) nanohybrid.

I tried to sonicate the HAP dispersion using a bath type, should I use a probe-type sonicator in dispersing the Hap instead?

Or should I adjust the urea-Hap loading of my sample?

Or was the urea solution not saturated enough before adding Hap?

The methodology is as follows:

Urea-HA nanohybrids will be synthesized following (Kottegoda et at., 2011) using a wet chemical method.

  • Obtain an amount of (25 g) synthesized HA nanoparticles as described above and dispersed them in distilled water (100 ml) under ultrasonic mixing (30 kHz for 1 hour or 45 mins).
  • Stir the resulting HA nanoparticle dispersion in a saturated urea solution (100 ml) or 150 g urea in 100 mL distilled water at 25°C for 12 h.

Scale up: 25g:150g = 1:6 urea to Hap loading

Scale down: 5 g: 30 g =1:6 urea to Hap loading

  • Wash the product thrice with distilled water to remove excess urea, and dry at 50°C for 7 h.
  • Then place the synthesized Urea-hydroxyapatite nanohybrid in a Petri dish or air-tight container.

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