The level of sulfate present in the construction and demolition debris tends to be higher than what is permitted by the European norms. In order to reuse these wastes the levels of sulfate must be reduced. I would like to know what could be the cheapest and most effective method to do so.
I would look into lime as a possibility. Lime is relatively inexpensive and probably will work. I went on the internet to confirm and lucked out, found this for you. I did not read. There are also sulfate reducing bacteria and they work in wetlands and can convert ionic mercury to methyl mercury, the toxic form. I have also recommended liming of rifle ranges near riparian areas as this would tend to hold the lead instead of moving into groundwater.
Thanks Dr. Ewald Schnug for your answer. I know that leaching with water could be a very cheap option to reduce the level of sulfates. You went right to the point but the problem is that just by leaching with water it's not possible to reach the permitted level of sulfates to reuse the C&D debris.
In a disposal environment, adding liquid to leach sulfate is generally a bad idea, because moisture is one of the preconditions for developing favorable environments for sulfate-reducing bacteria. The end products of concern from this reduction process is reduced sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide.
Leaching of sulfate minerals has been shown to be problematic to groundwater quality. Regulations vary by geography, but it has been documented in many areas that sulfate concentrations in shallow aquifers can exceed regulatory standards for taste and odor.
If you are considering the gas-phase emissions of reduced sulfur compounds, there are several good papers detailing approaches to adsorb or otherwise remove these gases before they reach the environment.
I've attached some potentially helpful papers for you to explore this further.
Article Modeling of H2S migration through landfill cover materials
Article Does Disposing of Construction and Demolition Debris in Unli...
Dear Salomón Espinosa
See links below:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24211179
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149113
g16.unesco-ihe.org/sites/g16.unesco-ihe.../abstract-g16-template-example2015.docx
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