The integral development of children is intimately with the game. In a bibliographic review of this area of scientific knowledge (children's game): Which authors should not be omitted?
This is a very interesting topic! Childhood as a subject of interest is something relatively recent, if we consider the historical temporalities. For this reason, it is perhaps somewhat difficult to find classical authors who say something about this topic. One way forward is to explore the topic from a multidisciplinary perspective, treating childhood, toys and games within the scope of Philosophy, Sociology, History, Social Psychology, and Education. This enlargement of the theoretical base may be an extra challenge, but it may compensate by the discoveries of new approaches on childhood games. An example I can cite would be the dialogue between the History of Art and Education through childhood games, using the work of Pieter Bruegel the Elder - "Children's Games" (Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum). I also suggest paying attention to the distinctions between games and toys, since not every game is a toy and vice versa. About that I recommend this interesting article by Armand D'Angour [https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1016076.pdf].
"What classical authors should not be omitted from in-depth studies on children's play?" -- Reinaldo Requeiro asks.
Briefly, I would point to two classical authors: the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and the Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky.
"What classical authors should not be omitted from in-depth studies on children's play?" -- Reinaldo Requeiro asks.
I would add to the two authors mentioned above the name of the French philosopher Georges Henri Luquet and his book- -- Le dessin enfantin (The child's drawing).
The book 'Le Dessin Enfantin' by Georges-Henri Luquet is in open access on the University of Paris website [http://luquet-archives.univ-paris1.fr/document.php?domaine=psychologie&fichier=802&photo=ledessinenfantin-005.jpg&lg=pt].
Dear Rooney Pinto.
Thank you for the sending of the link above. It allows us to access to the text of the classical book by Georges-Henri Luquet, Le dessin enfantin. Too often, J. Piaget refers to this book in his following two books: 1) le jugement moral chez l'enfant (1932). Paris: Alcan; and 2) La formation du symbole chez l'enfant (1946). Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé.
"Man is never so authentically himself as when at play."
Friedrich Schiller
As far as I know, neither Arnold Gesell nor Erick Erikson were concerned with children's play. It was Jean Piaget, who, in his book Le Jugement moral chez l'enfant (1932). Paris: Alcan, appealed to the "jeu des billes" to study the moral development of the child, namely the two phases of morality the was able to conceptualize: an autonomous morality, a morality based on the ideas of equality, cooperation and mutual respect, and a heteronomous morality, a morality guided by the ideas of fear, unilateral respect and blind obedience.
Thank you very much dear colleagues: Rooney; Orlando and Magdalena.
The tradition of the Children's Game is very rich. The science that investigates it too.
It is a shame that so many traditional games of the social memory of the peoples are being lost.
It has been a pleasure to participate in your thread. I keep missing some traditional games I played when I was child. Now, most of the children's games are electronic and too often are aggressive.
Orlando M Lourenço:, Reinaldo Requiero:
Erik H. Erikson Chap 2 Configurations in Play and Dreams , in " A Way of looking at things. Selected papers, , Norton and Company, 1987
Erik H. EriksonToys and Reasons,, WW.Norton &Company, 1977
William Stern Part VI Fantasy and Play in"Psychologu of Early Childhood, ", Routledge, 2018
Jean Piaget, La formation du Symbole chez l'enfant.. Imitation, Jeu (play) et reve, image et representation, Delachaux et Niestle, 1989 [there is also in English]
Mira Stambak, Hermina Sinclair, Pretend Play among 3-year Olds, Routledge, 2018, [the authors were very close collaborators of Jean Piaget]
Arnold Gesell in his 3 big books
The First Five years of Life, The Chid from Five to Ten and Infant and Child in the Culture of Today-- there are ALWAYS references to play for every year of child age.
Dear Magdalena Dumitrana,
Thanks for the information you provide. It is welcome and appreciated. I had already mentioned the book by Piaget -- La formation du symbole chez l'enfant (1946). Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé.
To the above authors I will add the name of the German psychologist Karl Groos
Olena Muzyka, I was thinking about his book but i did not find it (translations, I mean). I found however lots of references to him for explaining the origin of play. We have also in Romanian, an author explaining the magic origins of play and he is right for a part of the children games. I think nobody was able to explain the play, nor language. This is fascinating but also frustrating.
Dear Orlando M Lourenço, I am sorry, I did not pay attention. I apologize
Dear Magdalena Dumitrana,
You have nothing to say "sorry". There is nothing wrong in mentioning the same book twice.
"We don’t stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing.”
George Bernard Shaw
"Play is so integral to childhood that a child who does not have the opportunities to play is cut off from a major portion of childhood.”
Musselwhite
“The opposite of play is not work. It’s depression.”
Brian Sutton-Smith
“If you want to be creative, stay in part a child, with the creativity and invention that characterizes children before they are deformed by adult society.”
Jean Piaget
“Those who play rarely become brittle in the face of stress or lose the healing capacity for humor.” -
Stuart Brown, MD
"It is paradoxical that many educators and parents still differentiate between a time for learning and a time for play without seeing the vital connection between them.” -
Leo F. Buscaglia
“Almost all creativity involves purposeful play.”
Abraham Maslow
"The creation of something new is not accomplished by the intellect but by the play instinct.”
Carl Jung
Play has no rival in children's learning . As once O. Fred Donaldson claimed: “Children learn as they play. Most importantly, in play children learn how to learn.” -
“Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do. Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.”
Mark Twain
"In every real man a child is hidden that wants to play.”
Friedrich Nietzsche
"You’ve achieved success in your field when you don’t know whether what you’re doing is work or play.
Warren Beatty
"You’ve achieved success in your field when you don’t know whether what you’re doing is work or play."
Warren Beatty
"Play is so integral to childhood that a child who does not have the opportunities to play is cut off from a major portion of childhood.” -
Musselwhite
As a child specialist I agree with Jean Pisget and Lev Vygotsky as foundational thinkers about play in children. However, the greatest theorist of the nature of play is Johan Huizinga in his Homo Ludens. We should also add child psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott’s Playing and Reality and other pioneers of play therapy. In other areas such as theology, Harvey Cox’s The Feast of Fools with the trope of Christ the Harlequin have been influential.
Vincenzo Di Nicola
Université de Montréal
Dear Vincenzo Di Nicola,
Thanks for your additional and classical references to the issue of children's play.
Kind regards,
Orlando.
Children who do not play have, in principle, learning and development problems.
"Play is the highest expression of human development in childhood for it alone is the free expression of what is in a child's soul."
Friedrich Frobel
"Play is often talked about as if it were a relief from serious learning. But for children play is serious learning. Play is really the work of childhood."
Fred Rogers
"Play keeps us vital and alive. It gives us an enthusiasm for life that is irreplaceable. Without it, life just doesn’t taste good”
Lucia Capocchione
"We don’t stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing.”
George Bernard Shaw
"Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do. Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.”
Mark Twain
"Necessity may be the mother of invention, but play is certainly the father.”
Roger von Oech
"We are never more fully alive, more completely ourselves, or more deeply engrossed in anything than when we are playing.”
Charles Schaefer
"Play gives children a chance to practice what they are learning.”
Mr. Rogers
“Play is the only way the highest intelligence of humankind can unfold.”
-Joseph Chilton Pearce
"It is paradoxical that many educators and parents still differentiate between a time for learning and a time for play without seeing the vital connection between them.”
Leo F. Buscaglia
"Almost all creativity involves purposeful play.”
Abraham Maslow
Make play a priority. Sometimes we have to say no to certain outings, events or activities. Family life is challenging enough but downtime, where kids can just be kids, is a necessity for child
"The playing adult steps side ward into another reality; the playing child advances forward to new stages of mastery.”
Erik H. Erikson
"If you want to be creative, stay in part a child, with the creativity and invention that characterizes children before they are deformed by adult society.. Let them play"
Jean Piaget
“In every real man a child is hidden that wants to play.”
Friedrich Nietzsche
"Whoever wants to understand much must play much.”
Gottfried Benn
Check https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1829/Children-s-Literature.html
As once the French psychologist Henry Wallon noticed, a child who does not play is a unhappy child. It is me perception that this can be applied to both adolescents and adults.
As once Maria Montessori cogently noted.. "play is the work of the child."
"Play is the highest expression of human development in childhood for it alone is the free expression of what is in a child's soul."
Friedrich Frobel
"We are never more fully alive, more completely ourselves, or more deeply engrossed in anything than when we are playing"
Charles E. Schaefer
Like, George Bernard Shaw, I espouse the idea that "we don't stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing."
Sometimes, teachers and parents are not aware that, as Fred Rogers once remarked that "for children, play is exceedingly serious and important"
I like Abraham Maslow's idea that “almost all creativity involves purposeful play.”
Kay Redfield Jamison is a mandatory reference on the issue of children's play. it suffices to say that once he claimed that “children need the freedom and time to play. Play is not a luxury. Play is a necessity.”
One of the best ways 'to know of people's character is to observe them when they play, namely when they lose.
One of the best ways 'to know of people's character is to observe them when they play, namely when they lose. For example, it is relatively easily to be magnanimous when on wins; the point is to be magnanimous when ones loses.
George Bernard Shaw is a mandatory reference for the issue of play. He cogently remarked that "we don't stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing."
To play, namely social games, gives us an opportunity to develop, along others, meta-cognitive skills because, for example, too often we have to think about what other are thinking if we want to win a certain play. To play chess with our peers is a telling example of the idea I want to convey, the development of meta- cognitive shills in the process of playing.
Leo Buscaglia said ir well when he astutely remarked that "it is paradoxical that many educators and parents still differentiate between a time for learning and a time for play without seeing the vital connection between them.” -
“Play gives children a chance to practice what they are learning.”
-Mr. Rogers
“Play is the only way the highest intelligence of humankind can unfold.” -
Joseph Chilton Pearce
“Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do. Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do.”
Mark Twain
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