Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) refer to a group of infections that have the potential to be transmitted via the process of blood transfusion. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported that blood transfusions have the possibility to transmit a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, prions, and parasites. The implementation of a standardized donor screening questionnaire, along with laboratory tests, helps reduce the potential transmission of infectious diseases through the process of blood transfusion.

Some of the most common transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors are as follows:

1. Hepatitis B and C: Viral infections that impact the liver can lead to the development of chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death. The prevalence of Hepatitis B is higher in regions such as Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands, whereas Hepatitis C is more prevalent in North America and Europe.

2. HIV: The mentioned condition is a viral infection that specifically targets the immune system, potentially resulting in the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The primary modes of HIV transmission include engaging in sexual intercourse without the use of barrier methods with an individual who is infected with the virus, as well as the sharing of needles or syringes with individuals who are HIV-positive.

3. Syphilis: A bacterial infection that may lead to severe health complications if left untreated. The primary mode of transmission for syphilis is typically through sexual intercourse with an individual who has been infected.

4. Malaria: The transmission of a parasitic infection occurs through the Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is predominantly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions encompassing Africa, Asia, and South America.

5. Chagas disease: A parasitic infection that is transmitted by triatomine bugs is observed. Chagas disease predominantly occurs in rural regions of Latin America. Due to the extensive screening that all donated blood undergoes, the risk of contracting a TTI through a blood transfusion is extremely low.

Reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Diseases and organisms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/bloodsafety/bbp/diseases-organisms.html

World Health Organization. (2023). Blood safety and availability. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability

HCV, HBV, HIV, HTLV1,2,

Chancee of cells transfer of donors decease and gonoreh,syphilis etc are common.