What are the prohibited substances considered to contaminate the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) analysis chamber?
Well, you have at least three groups here:
-any substrate which will be associated with permanent outgassing will lead to an at least temporary contamination. Plastics with flexibilizing agents would come to mind as an example: if you try to put one of these in UHV, you will observe that you don't come below 10-5 mbar. This particular effect is reversible and after removing the outgassing substance your chamber may recover on its own.
-If you degas your sample thermally, there are of course many substances which can outgas upon heating. So be sure you know what temperature your material can withstand before turning up the heater. I know of a guy who used a plastic holder in an annealing experiment, in that case the chamber was permanently done for.
-X-Rays can also cause radiation chemistry and if you have that, volatile products may be generated. This last group is of course the hardest to predict since people often don't discuss it in papers, they just stop using the method when they realize it's happening.
Dear Trad khodja Abdallah . See kindly the following useful link: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Book%3A_Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.13%3A_X-ray_Photoelectron_Spectroscopy
Kindly see also the following very good link: https://serc.carleton.edu/msu_nanotech/methods/xps.html
You are most welcome dear Trad khodja Abdallah . Wish you the best always.
https://www.emmi-materials.cnrs.fr/index.php/tutorials/13-x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-xps,kindly check this link.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/15/5138/htm,kindly check this link.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00040,this link may be useful.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470027318.a2517.pub2,kindly check this link.
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