Farmers of western Rajasthan face a lot of problems due to saline-alkali soils and poor quality irrigation water. Any instruments developed so far or any techniques may be suggested
Soil salinization may occur through both natural and anthropogenic reasons. Out of 932.2 million ha salt-affected soils worldwide, the extent of human-induced salinization is 76.6 million ha . Arid and semi-arid regions, where evaporation rates are high and fresh waters are scanty to flush out the excess salts from soil, favor the formation of such soils. The various processes of soil salinization and practices to be followed in raising crops have been extensively reviewed .
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As per my four year research experience in western Rajasthan, availability of water OR suitable irrigation water coupled with poor economic conditions of farmers is biggest agricultural issue in this area.
Following practical practices can be adopted in these areas:
1) Blending of ground water with canal water (Indira Gandhi canal) for irrigation purpose.
2) Grow short duration crops (Ephemerals) during monsoon season.
3) Cultivation of date palm & barley is most common recommendation of CIAH & ARS, Bikaner for areas having ground water with EC >8 dS/m as only available irrigation water.
Please log in to the website of ICAR-CSSRI , Karnal. You may get useful information with regard to the management of soils you are dealing. Good day!
This problem is the same as the coastal area of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam
The method of mixing groundwater with canal water (Indira Gandhi canal) for irrigation is only a short-term solution, not a long-term and sustainable one because when groundwater is sucked, it will also cause saltwater infiltration into the soil layer, then water in the aquifer will be salinized over time.
So the long term solutions are as follows:
1) Selection of salt-tolerant plant varieties;
2) Conversion to aquaculture;
The problem of salinity is worldwide and you may find many publications on how to improve plant growth and production under saline conditions. In addition to the recommendations of mixing saline water with canal (fresh) water and cultivating tolerant crops and varieties, other agricultural practices can improve crop tolerance to salinity such as cultivating the plants on raising beds so when evaporation occurs, the salt accumulate away from the growing plants. another practice is to spray the growing plants with some substances such as glycine betaine, nano calcium, nano silicon. luckily, those substance are now commercially available and proved to improve plant tolerance to salinity.
A salinidade é um problema decorrente, muitas vezes, da má utilização dos recursos hídricos ou da utilização destes recursos de forma errônea e em muitos casos está relacionada também com as características edafoclimáticas da região. Em virtude da indisponibilidade de recursos hídricos de boa qualidade para o desenvolvimento das práticas agrícolas, dos solos salinos e alcalinos presentes na região e das características do clima como a temperatura elevada, evaporação da água no solo e regime hídrico. As alternativas para se obter altas produtividades na região são limitadas.
A curto prazo é necessário:
(1) Realizar um manejo adequado água da irrigação (independente do sistema utilizado, eu indico a irrigação localizada).
(2) Fazer o manejo do solo, como correção e adubação (lembrando de realizar uma análise de solo antes de iniciar o cultivo).
(3) Utilizar técnicas de dessalinização ou tratamento das águas para amenizar o impacto que estas possam ter na cultura que se deseja produzir.
(4) Utilizar variedades que sejam mais tolerantes à salinidade e as temperaturas elevadas.
A longo prazo, devem ser realizadas técnicas de recuperação desses solos, como a fito e a biorremediação, continuar com os tratamentos dos recursos hídricos, uma vezes que a utilização de água com baixa qualidade pode acabar resultando em percas de produtividade e analisar se não seria mais viável produzir uma cultura que esteja adaptada as condições características da região.
A região semiárida que ocupa a maior parcela do nordeste brasileiro pode conter diversas bases e exemplos para realizarem a adaptação de técnicas necessárias para o caso dos produtores de Rajastão.
This is directly related to the number of salts dissolved in the irrigation water. All irrigation water contains potentially injurious salts and nearly all the dissolved salts are left in the soil after the applied water is lost by evaporation from the soil or through transpiration by the plants. Unless the salts are leached from the root zone, sooner or later they will accumulate in quantities which will partially or entirely prevent the growth of most crops.
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