Before adaptation measure, you need to find out following answers:
(1) Year-round normalized (say average of 30 years daily data) monthly maximum and minimum temperatures.
(2) Seasonal variations (intra and inter seasonal) in temperatures and rainfall.
(3) Available heat tolerant varieties (for example Vigna radiata can tolerate 45oC).
(4) Depending on C3 or C4 type plants response to increased CO2 will vary.
(5) Once you get the above facts, you can think of shifting planting time depending on rainfall or available irrigation water.
(6) Instead of rice crop you can think of transforming those land to mango orchard, guava, etc depending on land suitability and economic demand nationally or internationally.
Before adaptation measure, you need to find out following answers:
(1) Year-round normalized (say average of 30 years daily data) monthly maximum and minimum temperatures.
(2) Seasonal variations (intra and inter seasonal) in temperatures and rainfall.
(3) Available heat tolerant varieties (for example Vigna radiata can tolerate 45oC).
(4) Depending on C3 or C4 type plants response to increased CO2 will vary.
(5) Once you get the above facts, you can think of shifting planting time depending on rainfall or available irrigation water.
(6) Instead of rice crop you can think of transforming those land to mango orchard, guava, etc depending on land suitability and economic demand nationally or internationally.
Use of traditional high yielding seed and planting materials, water conservation, harnessing of solar energy, integration of agriculture with horticulture, dairy, poultry, fishery etc. plantation of more carbon sequester plants/tree is only alternative to mitigate climate effect.
Instead of monoculture of a crop it would be appropriate to include more number of varieties of crop, inter-cropping, and accommodating trees and shrubs inside and at boundary of fields will develop a resilience to high climatic variations. In addition to this using more organic inputs will further helps adaptation.Please see my publications.
The measures recommended by Biswas are good. In addition, we should revert to addition of organic matter into the soil for improvement of soil structure and resultant water holding capacity. Minimum tillage can also help. Major problem will be of availability of irrigation water. Hence we have to tap all possible sources of water and not a single drop of water should go waste. There should be a crop for each drop of water. Recycling of water will attain great importance.
Breeders need to come up with more drought escapers plant varieties.
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