Steganography is the art and science of hiding information by embedding messages within other, seemingly harmless messages. Steganography means “covered writing” in Greek. As the goal of steganography is to hide the presence of a message and to create a covert channel, it can be seen as the complement of cryptography, whose goal is to hide the content of a message. Another form of information hiding is digital watermarking, which is the process that embeds data called a watermark, tag or label into a multimedia object such that watermark can be detected or extracted later to make an assertion about the object. The object may be an image, audio, video or text only. In steganography a covert channel is the medium for sending stego messages. Observes are unaware of any kind of data hidden in the medium. For a steganography technique to be effective, it must be resistant to various steganalysis attacks, it must not degrade the fidelity of the image. The data should be hidden in such a way that it is indistinguishable for a human eye. Audio steganography embeds the message into a cover audio file as noise at a frequency out of human hearing range. Data Hiding by LSB: Various techniques about data hiding have been proposed in literatures. One the common techniques involve least significant bit manipulation by directly replacing LSB bit planes with message bits.
Papers:
P Huang. K.C. Chang., C.P Chang. and T.M Tu. A novel image steganography method using tri-way pixel value differencing. Journal of Multimedia, 3, 2008.
H. Inoue, A. Miyazaki, T. Katsura, “An Image Watermarking Method Based On the Wavelet Transform.” Vol. 1,pp. 296-300. Aug 2002.
C.K. Chan. and L. M.Cheng. Hiding data in images by simple lsb substitution. Pattern Recognition, 37:469–474, 2004.
Ahmad T. Al-Taani. and Abdullah M. AL-Issa. A novel steganographic method for gray-level images. International Journal of Computer, Information, and Systems Science, and Engineering, 3, 2009
There are some factors to be considered when designing a steganography algorithm:
1. Invisibility: Invisibility is the ability to be unnoticed by the human.
2. Security: Even if an attacker realizes the existence of the information in the stego-cover. It should be impossible for the attacker to detect the information.
3. Capacity: The amount of information that can be hidden relative to the size of the cover object without deteriorating the quality of the cover object
4. Robustness: It is the ability of the stego-cover to withstand manipulations such as filtering, cropping, rotation, compression etc.
Regardless of the method used to hide the information in the cover media, the stego-analyst does not care even if the cover is not affected when seen in the case of images, or hearing in the case of sound, but he deals with the file of cover data by using the analysis techniques to detect the hidden processes even if the cover was not affected.
Have you read "Adaptive PVD Steganography Using Horizontal, Vertical, and Diagonal Edges in Six-Pixel Blocks"? That article may be relevant and can be found here (and at the "Security and Communications Networks" website).
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