Maybe you should search about Dorresteijn Tanja research... rehabilitation programs in elderly generally are multidisciplinary programs.

They are not simple answer to this question. And no one single protocol can be adopted. For example sometime for lack of strength is this is the problem old people can not react to the balance impairment because for the lack of strength for the parachute reaction. Sometime it is the inner ear problem which is involved and sometime the cause of unbalance is more neurological (stroke, cerebellum syndrome etc). So your first task is to identify the targeted population. But basically the rehabilitation is every time mix of endurance training, parachute reaction exercise, strengthening of the inferior limbs especially for the elderlies. The balance between these tasks depending on the origin of the problem...

Good morning. Multicomponent physical activity has shown the best outcome for preventing falls.

Several exercise-based rehabilitation protocols have been proven effective in improving balance and preventing falls among elderly individuals. One of the most well-established among these is the Otago Exercise Program (OEP), a home-based intervention specifically designed for older adults at risk of falling. The program combines lower limb strength training, balance exercises, and a structured walking plan tailored to each individual. Exercises such as knee extensions, ankle dorsiflexion, heel-to-toe walking, and backward walking are incorporated to improve muscle strength, postural stability, and mobility. Research has consistently shown that the OEP can reduce fall rates by approximately 35 to 40 percent in community-dwelling older adults. The study referenced under DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6884595/v1 further supports the effectiveness of the Otago program, highlighting its ability to enhance dynamic balance and lower limb strength. This study also recommends combining Otago exercises with dual-task and gait training to maximize benefits.

Another highly effective approach is Tai Chi-based balance training. Tai Chi involves slow, deliberate movements, weight shifting, and postural control, all of which are vital for maintaining balance in the elderly. This form of exercise enhances proprioception, neuromuscular coordination, and mental focus, contributing significantly to fall prevention. Regular Tai Chi practice has been shown to improve single-leg stance time and functional reach, thereby enhancing overall balance and reducing fall risk.Progressive resistance and balance training (PRBT) is also a valuable intervention, particularly for individuals with mild to moderate frailty. This protocol typically involves the use of resistance bands or weights to strengthen lower limb muscles, alongside balance-focused tasks such as single-leg stands, step-ups, and dynamic reaching. Evidence shows that when these programs are implemented over a sufficient duration—typically more than 50 hours—they result in meaningful reductions in fall incidence by improving both strength and balance capabilities.Dual-task training is another innovative and effective approach. This involves performing physical tasks, such as walking or balancing, while simultaneously engaging in cognitive tasks like counting backwards or naming objects. Such training mimics real-life situations where attention is divided, such as walking while talking or carrying groceries. It is particularly beneficial for elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia, as it enhances executive function and gait stability, reducing falls that occur due to cognitive distractions.Finally, the use of virtual reality and task-oriented gait training is gaining popularity in modern rehabilitation settings. These programs simulate real-world mobility challenges in a safe and controlled environment, allowing elderly individuals to practice stair climbing, obstacle navigation, and reactive balance adjustments. Virtual reality enhances engagement and provides immediate feedback, helping users to improve reaction time, postural control, and overall confidence in mobility.In conclusion, the most effective rehabilitation strategies for fall prevention in the elderly include multicomponent programs such as the Otago Exercise Program, Tai Chi, progressive resistance and balance training, dual-task interventions, and, where available, virtual reality-based task training. These protocols not only target physical impairments but also address cognitive and functional limitations, making them holistic and adaptable interventions for reducing fall risk in older populations.