What are the microbial activities in the soil and roles of soil microorganisms in crop production and soil health?
Soil microorganisms are responsible for biomass decomposition, biogenic element circulation, which makes nutrients available to plants, biodegradation of impurities, and maintenance of soil structure. Microbes regulate nutrient cycling, regulation of dynamic of soil organic matter, and enhance efficiency of nutrient acquisition. The symbionts of microbes enhance the efficiency of nutrient acquisition of nutrient and water by plants. Microbes increase soil fertility. They're used as a biofertilizer in agriculture. Microbes decompose dead and decaying organic matter and help with the recycling of nutrients. In addition to bacteria and fungi, the soil is also filled with protozoa, nematodes, mites, and microarthropods. There can be 10,000 to 50,000 species in less than a teaspoon of soil. Microorganisms help increase soil fertility. Some microorganisms such as bacteria are very good decomposers. They decompose dead organic matter. This substance when mixed with the soil will make it fertile. They increase soil fertility by incorporating air, minerals and nitrogenous compounds. They contribute in increasing plant growth by providing essential elements, minerals that plants cannot utilize by their Owen. Microorganisms decompose organic matter to simpler form that can be easily uptake by plants.
Soil microbes are essential for decomposing organic matter and recycling old plant material. Some soil bacteria and fungi form relationships with plant roots that provide important nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus. The soil microbiome plays an important role in plant growth development and soil fertility for sustainable agriculture. The soil microbiome plays a role in nutrient cycling through organic matter decomposition and ecosystem functioning. The most intense interaction between microbes and plants takes place at the rhizosphere, where complex biological and biochemical activities between microbes-microbes, microbes-plants and plants-plants are always going on to influence the biodiversity of beneficial organisms, suppression of pathogenic micro flora. Soil microorganisms are responsible for biomass decomposition, biogenic element circulation, which makes nutrients available to plants, biodegradation of impurities, and maintenance of soil structure. Soil bacteria form micro aggregates in the soil by binding soil particles together with their secretions. These micro aggregates are like the building blocks for improving soil structure. Improved soil structure increases water infiltration and increases water holding capacity of the soil
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