It is important to assess the harmonic distortion levels in any electrical system even after the installation so that the performance, efficiency and safety of the system is not compromised. There are two primary approaches to assess harmonic distortion in electrical systems after construction:

1. Power Quality Analyzer for Harmonic Measurement

Description: This procedure is characterized by taking voltage and current harmonics measurements at various points in the system using power quality analyzers and harmonic meters.

Process: Key locations in a power system with CAN communication installed DC-DC converters and microcontrollers are posted with the understanding that certain power quality parameters such as Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and the orders of the harmonic will be influenced. Key Parameters Measured: Voltage THD Current THD Non-linear harmonic distortion ( 3rd, 5th, 7th harmonics) Power factor Voltaic and current waves

2. Examination concerning IEEE 519 and IEC 61000-3-6 Harmonization

Description: The sources of these limits are international standards giving recommandations of the maximum permissible levels for harmonic distortion. The limit levels of harmful harmonics after installation are then anlaysed in reference to these standards.

Process: The IEEE standard can help improve the power quality in the following ways: Measurement of harmonics levels and comparing them with: IEEE 519: This describes the degrees of tolerance of harmonics distortions in both voltage and current at the point of interfacing two electric grids. 2 IEC 61000-3-6: Offers normative documentation that gives essential information Abidance to IEEE 519 and • Explanation: These international standards outline the acceptable levels of harmonic distortion. After the installation is completed, harmonic levels measured are considered to the values provided by these standards guarantee. • Procedure: H-harmonics are measured, the values are compared with: • IEEE 519: Harbored at the point of common coupling, it establishes guidelines for voltage and current. • IEC 61000-3-6: this standard has rules on the maximum harmonic emissions which differ according to system’s rated voltage.

3. Computer Simulation and Harmonic Analysis Software

• Explanation: Software for simulation purposes, MATLAB, ETAP, PSCAD , etc. can show approximate also many harmonics in the system considering the configuration and loads in respective networks

• Procedure: • Model of the electrical system is developed after an installation has been completed • Creation of models that o exert push harmonics sources, e.g. non-linear loads & expectation of how harmonics will be. • Testing of simulated harmonic levels to the set standards 4. Load Flow and Harmonic Study • Process: • Identify the major harmonic-producing loads such as drives or inverters that require more in-depth load flow study. • External harmonic analysis to determine the harmonics of the loads and evaluate their bearing on the system.

5.Long term Monitoring

• Description: Even though these parameters are averaged and some measures have been taken, spectrums compare quite differently. Harmonics are seen to change with respect to the conditions of load that are active at any given point. This benefit is mostly associated with long term monitoring where harmonic levels under different operational states can be observed.

• Process: • Deploy power quality meters which are fixed and observe harmonics for days or a number of weeks. • Focus on the data trends and validate that there is no failure under all the conditions of operation.

• 6.Filter Testing • Description: If there are passive or active harmonic filters in a system, they must be efficiently employed and as such their effectiveness needs to be tested.
• • Process: • Determine the harmonics before and after the installation of the filter. • It has been established that the filter helps harmonics to be brought down to an acceptable level which is within limits according to the standards set. •

7. Analysis of waveforms

• Description: This includes the process of recording and examining voltage and current waveforms in order to detect harmonic components. Method: Utilize oscilloscopes or advanced power quality analyzers to record the waveform and conduct Fourier analysis for assessing harmonic levels. Every approach provides understanding of the system's harmonic behavior and assists in meeting regulatory requirements to uphold system dependability and effectiveness.

Post-installation harmonic compliance assessments are crucial to ensuring that electrical systems remain within harmonic limits specified by standards (e.g. IEEE 519, IEC 61000-3-6).

1. The Recent methods for post-installation harmonic compliance assessment are Real-Time Monitoring and Continuous Assessment; DSP techniques like Fourier Transform, Wavelet Transform, and Hilbert Transform; Modern power quality analyzers can perform harmonic analysis in real time, measuring voltage and current distortions; and Machine learning algorithms.

2. The general formula used in harmonic compliance assessment) includes the calculation of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and individual harmonic contributions, focusing on voltage and current limits.