Aniq Ur Rehman

Polyphenols as phytochemicals have gained significant importance owing to several associated health benefits with regard to lifestyle diseases and oxidative stress. To date, the development of a single standard method for efficient and rapid extraction of polyphenols from plant matrices has remained a challenge due to the inherent limitations of various conventional extraction methods. The exploitation of polyphenols as bioactive compounds at various commercial levels has motivated scientists to explore more eco-friendly, efficient, and cost-effective extraction techniques, based on a green extraction approach. The current review aims to provide updated technical information about extraction mechanisms, their advantages and disadvantages, and factors affecting efficiencies, and also presents a comparative overview of applications of the following modern green extraction techniques—supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and pressurized hot water extraction—as alternatives to conventional extraction methods for polyphenol extraction. These techniques are proving to be promising for the extraction of thermolabile phenolic compounds due to their advantages over conventional, time-consuming, and laborious extraction techniques, such as reduced solvent use and time and energy consumption and higher recovery rates with lower operational costs. The growing interest in plant-derived polyphenols prompts continual search for green and economically feasible modern extraction techniques. Modern green extraction techniques represent promising approaches by virtue of overcoming current limitations to the exploitation of polyphenols as bioactive compounds to explore their wide-reaching applications on an industrial scale and in emerging global markets. Future research is needed in order to remove the technical barriers to scale-up the processes for industrial needs by increasing our understanding and improving the design of modern extraction operations.

Article Green Extraction Methods for Polyphenols from Plant Matrices...

The extraction method depends on the nature of the molecules to be extracted.

I agree with Dr Kashif Ameer suggestion.

Most of these techniques are based on the extracting power of different solvents in use and the application of heat and/or mixing. In order to obtain bioactive compounds from plants, the existing classical techniques are: (1) Soxhlet extraction, (2) Maceration and (3) Hydrodistillation.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0260877413000277

Also, kindly check:

Article Review on the extraction of bioactive compounds and characte...

And kindly check:

https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10010037

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.027

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b22352-3/extraction-technologies-production-bioactive-compounds-plant-food-products-ortega-ramirez-gonzalez-aguilar-ayala-zavala-cruz-valenzuela

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01925634/document

Good luck.

1. Find out the polarity of the active compound (I mean oils, polyphenols, flavonoids, etc).

If non polar, then use hexane, DCM

medium polar, use ethylacetate

polar, use MeOH or water

very polar, use water in the presence of little acetic acid

If your not sure, then its better you extract sequentially and determine the activity of the extracts

or make use DCM:MeOH 1:1

first define the aims of extraction (which substances to what extent [mg/l] what yield [%] losses (by oxydation, chemical reaction)

in brewing & wine making:

milling, pressing, enzymatic breakdown of cell walls, temperature, CO₂, ethanol, time, sedimentation/centrifugation of unsoluble substances, lautering, percolation, filtration

further: cavitation, ultrasonic, adsorption, ab- & desorption, distillation, reverse osmosis (nano-, ultra-, microfiltration, osmosis) precipitation,

chemical treatments,

extractions with polar/non-polar solvents, hypercritical CO₂

First of all, it would be preferable to identify from a brief literature review, which part of the plant where the bioactive compound is more concentrated. Then look for appropriate method used to extract compounds from that particular part of the plant. The efficiency of the extraction depends on the material texture and the method applied, for instance using ethanol to extract active compounds from roots; using hydro-distillation for an extraction from leaves...etc.

Hello Aniq Ur Rehman, the article below will help you.