Application: WSN focuses mainly on sensing environmental data, transferring it to the computational center via the sink node, while in Ad Hoc based on a peer to peer applications like data sharing for example.
Number of Nodes: WSN can handle more network nodes than Ad Hoc.
Communication Traffic: WSN communication traffic flows on the direction of the computation center trough one or more sink nodes, while in ad Hoc network the communication can be established between any two or more nodes without any central control.
Communication Technology: WSN uses multiple wireless standards Like IEEE 801.11 and IEEE 801.15 variances in addition to GPS as needed, while Ad Hoc uses only one of the variances of IEEE 801.11.
network topology: WSN mostly has a Star-Star topology, while in ad Hoc networks used a Mesh-Star topology.
Mobility: Ad Hoc nodes are mostly mobile as the nodes are human-driven, while WSN nodes mobility depends on the needs of the application and environment deployed in, as WSN nodes are self-driven.
Clustering: WSN sink node communicates only with each cluster head, each then communicating with other cluster member, while there is no central communication point the Ad Hoc cluster nodes communicate only with cluster head and then communicating with other clusters using one or two gateway nodes.
power: WSN nodes Are small with small battery but longer lifetime and mostly with additional small power generators like small solar plates, while Ad Hoc nodes are mostly Wireless devices with more power consumption, hence, larger battery with AC-DC charger/adapter.
Hardware: WSN nodes is less hardware complicated and more hardware adaptive than Ad Hoc nodes.
Software: both are application driven but Ad Hoc nodes has more higher and multiple levels of software with a higher requirements than the simple ones used in WSN.
since sensor networks have many numbers of nodes in specific area comparing with ad-hoc networks, the clustering is more needed in sensor networks to save energy during the communication as much as we can and to achieve load balancing. Also sensor networks topology is unstable because of changing frequently.
Application: WSN focuses mainly on sensing environmental data, transferring it to the computational center via the sink node, while in Ad Hoc based on a peer to peer applications like data sharing for example.
Number of Nodes: WSN can handle more network nodes than Ad Hoc.
Communication Traffic: WSN communication traffic flows on the direction of the computation center trough one or more sink nodes, while in ad Hoc network the communication can be established between any two or more nodes without any central control.
Communication Technology: WSN uses multiple wireless standards Like IEEE 801.11 and IEEE 801.15 variances in addition to GPS as needed, while Ad Hoc uses only one of the variances of IEEE 801.11.
network topology: WSN mostly has a Star-Star topology, while in ad Hoc networks used a Mesh-Star topology.
Mobility: Ad Hoc nodes are mostly mobile as the nodes are human-driven, while WSN nodes mobility depends on the needs of the application and environment deployed in, as WSN nodes are self-driven.
Clustering: WSN sink node communicates only with each cluster head, each then communicating with other cluster member, while there is no central communication point the Ad Hoc cluster nodes communicate only with cluster head and then communicating with other clusters using one or two gateway nodes.
power: WSN nodes Are small with small battery but longer lifetime and mostly with additional small power generators like small solar plates, while Ad Hoc nodes are mostly Wireless devices with more power consumption, hence, larger battery with AC-DC charger/adapter.
Hardware: WSN nodes is less hardware complicated and more hardware adaptive than Ad Hoc nodes.
Software: both are application driven but Ad Hoc nodes has more higher and multiple levels of software with a higher requirements than the simple ones used in WSN.
In term of clustering .. sensor networks have two kind of nodes in the cluster are normal node and cluster head. Ad hoc have three types of nodes normal node, cluster head and gateway.
In term of mobility. .. sensor networks changes its topology more frequently than ad hoc
In term of density .. sensor networks is densely deployed than ad hoc networks
density: sensor nodes deployed densely than ad hoc nodes
mobility: both of them suffer from mobility, since topology changed frequently
clustering: sensor nodes, can be divided in cluster each cluster consist of normal sensor nodes; responsible for sensing data and send it to cluster head, and cluster head responsible to send data to sink node, Ad hoc, cluster based consist of three component: normal nodes, cluster head, gateway, normal nodes send to cluster head, cluster head responsible for rebroadcast the message (to reduce rebroadcast messages)
in term of :
- density : The number of sensor nodes in the sensor network is larger than the nodes in ad-hoc.
- mobility : ad hoc network can move anytime ,in any direction at any speed , that can cause a link breakage .
- clustering :in the sensor networks , sensor nodes can be divided into clusters that contain cluster head and normal nodes while ad-hoc network acts a peer-peer.
Density:sensor network have large number of sendor nodes, may be reach hundred/thousands/billion ,whereas ad hoc networks have less nodes comparing to network sensor
Clustering:divides the sensor network into clusters which includes (normal nodes,& cluster head) just but in ad hoc networks divide the network into (CH, normal nodes, gateway).
Mobility in sensor network less than mobility in ad hoc networks
Clustering: sensor networks have two kinds of nodes in the cluster are normal node and cluster head. Ad hoc have three types of nodes normal node, cluster-head and gateway.
Mobility: sensor networks changes its topology more frequently than ad hoc
Density: sensor networks is densely deployed than ad hoc networks.
Clustering: It is a important process in sensor networks. Because sensor network are highly resource constrained. so , by forming clustering, we can obtain the information form the cluster head. so,there is no need for communication between the sensor nodes and base station.
Mobility : Once battery became dry condition, there is no data from the particular sensor.so, there is a change of topology occur. in mean time after deploying the nodes , these nodes are not movable.so, sensor networks follow auto configuration .
Density : Number is not a matter. simply we throw the senor to the particular location.
currently, most WSN has low data rate while Ad Hoc network requires high throughput.
Wireless sensor network applications:
1) Area monitoring: In area monitoring, the WSN is deployed over a region where some phenomenon is to be monitored. A military example is the use of sensors detects enemy intrusion
2) Health care monitoring: The medical applications can be of two types: wearable and implanted. Wearable devices are used on the body surface of a human or just at close proximity of the user. The implantable medical devices are those that are inserted into the human body.
3) Air pollution monitoring: Wireless sensor networks have been deployed in several cities (Stockholm, London, and Brisbane) to monitor the concentration of dangerous gases for citizens.
* in term of clustering : LEACH routing protocol is the first protocol based on hierarchal routing protocol that sensor nodes are divided into clusters , each cluster contains cluster head and normal nodes that it aims to reduce the energy consuming.
While the ad-hoc networks applications:
a) Military arena: An ad hoc networking will allow the
military battleground to maintain an information network
among the soldiers, vehicles, and headquarters.
b) Provincial level: Ad hoc networks can build instant link
between the multimedia network using notebook computers
or palmtop computers to spread and share information
among participants (e.g. Conferences).
The mobility behavior of the sensors is pair-wise interaction between sensor nodes, every node whereas in mobile ad-hoc network the mobility behavour is differ based on the model is used. for exam random based model it suits for both network.
while used geographic restricted area the sensor network is used and the relevant model should use
Let me explain about the Wireless sensor Networks (WSN) part first :
These devices have the processing capability, they contain small micro-controllers ( 8bit -16 bit ), they have the sensing ability ( Temp, pressure etc) , and they have the communicating ability .
These are very small devices , they range from the size of a grain of sand all the way up to the dimension of a shoe-box.
Have small and limited power capacity .
The nodes ( sensors ) are inexpensive .
Nodes remain unattended ( You can’t go to a wild forest again once you have deployed these from a helicopter) ,they are designed for a prolonged lifetime.
The node density is high.
Networks are highly redundant .
Transmission range is small (3 to 30 meters ).
Limited resources like: Memory and processing.
Data moves from many nodes to the Gateway .
On the other hand Wireless ad hoc network (WANET) they have the following properties:
They have no sensing ability.
They are larger in size, for example :Laptops and PDA’s.
Power sources have larger capacity.
Compared to WSN they are Expensive.
Unlike WSN they don’t remain unattended. Battery can be replaced.
Node density is low .
They have less redundant networks .
Transmission range is large (10 to 500 meters).
Memory size is big, and the processing power is Higher.
Data moves from one device to many (Broadcasting ).
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