Thank you, Lionel for your thoughtful answer. Hazim.

Many linguists think of phonology as a theory of the way in which sounds are represented in the mind - cognitive representations.

The phonology of a language is a part of what a child learns when learning a language. Phonetics, then, can be thought of as the way in which cognitive phonological representations are translated into physical terms, acoustically, physiologically and perceptually.

For Trubetzkoy (Grundzüge der Phonologie. (French translation by J. Cantineau 1957) Principes de phonologie. Klincksieck, Paris, 1949.), an important distinction between a phonological representation and a phonetic representation is that phonology makes use of discrete categories whereas phonetics deals with continuous variables. This distinction is not always respected by linguists though, since we speak of a "phonetic transcription" of an utterance which uses discrete symbols - in Trubetzkoy's terms then this should rather be called a (surface) phonological representation.

Thank you very much, Daniel for your detailed excellent answer. Hazim.

Hello,

We can simply say that phonology deals with the examination of phonemes; that is, sounds that can change the meaning of a word if they are replaced; e.g., pit-bin (p and b are phonemes). On the other hand, phonetics deal with how a language is perceived or produced. For instance, in the word "stop", if you produce it ['stαp] or ['stαph] the meaning of the word does not change, so "ph" is not a phoneme but an allophone (or you can consider it as a subcategory) of the sound /p/

Thank you, Georgios p for your thoughtful answer. Best regards.Hazim

Dear colleagues:

I think that all opinions expressed so far are basically correct. However, I think it is necessary to add a small nuance in what affects phonology. According to Trubetzkoy, phonology deals with what is relevant in each language at the level of language production, that is, in the phonic one or, in A. Martinet's terms, in the 2nd language articulation. Now, that phonology, understood in this way, includes within it the "phonematics", that is, the study of phonemes or abstract representations of the pertinent features of each produced sound that allow us to distinguish meanings. Phonematics, however, does not include the study of "supraphonematic units", such as the accent, the quantity or the intonation (because they are not phonemes), which also occur when speaking and also have phonological value when they allow us to distinguish meanings. That said, I must add that in some countries these distinctions are not made or are made differently. Thanks.

The question, and the answers so far seem to take for granted that there should be a phonology/phonetics distinction. But there is also a minority view that the distinction itself is questionable, see Ohala (1990): http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/~ohala/papers/no_interface.pdf and Lindblom (2006): https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bjoern_Lindblom/publication/236682007_Rejecting_the_phoneticsphonology_split/links/00b49518feb99dfe70000000.pdf

The distinction becomes even more blurred when it comes to speech prosody. There the phonemic principle illustrated above by Georgios P. Georgiou, for example, cannot be easily applied. In the most popular theory of intonation phonology, units like pitch accents, phrase accents, etc., were established without knowing what kind of contrasts they make in terms of meanings (Pierrehumbert, 1980). See also Xu et al. (in press) for more discussion.

Pierrehumbert, J. (1980). The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA. [Published in 1987 by Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington].

Xu, Y., Prom-on, S. and Liu, F. (in press). The PENTA model: Concepts, use and implications. In Prosodic Theory and Practice. J. Barnes and S. Shattuck-Hufnagel. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Thank you, Yi Xu for your detailed thoughtful answer. Phonetics studies the way the human sounds are pruduced and where they are produced; the various organs of speech that are involved in the production of sounds. Phonology, on the other hand, is concerned with the study of functions and patterns of sounds. Yet, there is a lot of overlapping between Phonetics and Phonology, and it is difficult sometimes to draw a boundary line between the two disciplines. Hazim.

Thank you very much, Pedro for your excellent answer. Hazim.

Yes, that is indeed the popular view. Following the view, however, phonetics does not care about functions and patterns of sounds, and cannot offer explanations for them. Is that really the case?

Marvellous !!! Thank you very much, Yi Xu for this useful addition. Hazim.

الصوتيات علم يدرس الأصوات اللغوية الإنسانية بمعزل . . اي يهتم بمخارج الأصوات وصفاتها منفردة. أما علم الصواتة فيبني دراسته على خلاصة الدراسات الصوتية ثم يبحث في التغيرات التي تلحق مخارج الأصوات وصفات في سياق الكلمة والجملة . علي.عن سياق الكلمة والجملة

Thank you very much, Ali for your answer in Arabic. Phonetics is a more general science than Phonology. Phonology is a specific science concerned with the study of human sounds in particular languages.

The phonetics teach human linguistic voices in isolation from the context of the word. . Which is concerned with the exits and sounds of the voices individually. The the phology is based on the study of the study of phonetics studies and then examines the changes that affect the exits of sounds and recipes in the context of the word and sentence.

Thank you again, Ali for your answer. Hazim.

Former is sounds, latter is sound patterns

Phonetics is the study of the the physical properties of human speech, such as how basic sounds are physically produced, their acoustics, and how they are perceived.

Phonology deals with language sounds in abstract, grammatical terms. It often focuses on the systems of phonemes in particular languages and describes how they work. Phonology also deals with acoustic phenomena at syllable level (e.g., morae) or even sentence-level (e.g., sentence level stress).

Dear Dr. Hazim Al Dilaimy ,

Good question. Following for benefit.

Regards

Interesting question that provoked several valuable and informative comments from our RG colleagues

Phonetics teaches linguistic sounds, in terms of their exits, their characteristics and how they are produced. This science is also called: acoustics, or acoustics, a branch of linguistics. Phonology is a group of sounds produced by the human body through its vocal system, which is born with its own supply. It consists mainly of the lungs, trachea, throat, throat, vocal cords, tongue, groin, lips, and mouth and nose cavities. See: Human pronunciation in phonological topics in this article. The way the device produces sounds is based on a simple process that results from air friction between the muscles and is heard ringing. It comes out each time in a different form for the other time, and this air is driven by the lungs to the area where the air is supposed to come out, resulting in what we call the sound. Acoustics study two things: the exits of sounds, that is to say, the area of ​​each sound on the pronunciation device, and the sounds are heard according to their exits. They say: This is a guttural sound, that is my teeth, another oral, and a fourth one. They describe the sound by observing the air friction method of the pronunciation device. The method of pronunciation (the method of friction of the air and the mode of speaking member) changes in the same exits, and this leads to that the sound is characterized by different features, which determine its pronunciation characteristics, it is said a voice whispering, and that is glorious, and the third soft, and the fourth and so severe .... Acoustics or science Pronunciation or phonology is a branch of the science of linguistics, concerned with the vocal system and the sounds of human speech. Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad Al-Farahidi was the first Arab audiologist and the dictionary in which he wrote the first classification of the voices of the Arabic language. Each language has its own voice system, which can be written in its written system or by the International Phonetic Phonetic Voice (IPA), which enables language learners to pronounce or recognize their voices. The language is composed of voices that meet to express sensual things and abstract ideas. The classification of linguistic sounds depends on the study of the ways of sounds, the ways in which they are achieved, the mechanisms that they enter and the members they accomplish, that is, the precise knowledge of the pronunciation members, and the scientific understanding of the speech process. To two parts: Silent or Silent sounds Silent characters, sounds, sounds, sounds, sounds Soft voice.

Agreed with @ Yi Xu

Phonetics is the study of the production, transmission, and perception of speech sounds and sound sequences as natural phenomena. Phonology is the study of the distinctions between speech sounds regarded as relevant within the framework of a specific linguistic system.

"Where do phonetics and phonology meet and differ from one another as two field of linguistics? Method: The study is mainly descriptive where previous and related studies are reviewed and presented to reach a view about phonetics and phonology as similar, different or identical. Results: Phonetics and phonology are two different fields of linguistics which are related to one another. Phonetics is the concrete study of sounds. On the other hand, phonology is the abstract study of sounds. Moreover, phonetics and phonology are integrated two fields of linguistics but they are not identical. Conclusions: Phonetics is concrete in contrast to phonology which is abstract. Additionally, phonetics is learned while phonology is acquired."

http://oaji.net/articles/2015/1170-1445431410.pdf

Phhonetics is concerned with describing the speech sounds that occur in the languages of the world while phonology is concerned with the the study of the properties of the sound system in a particular language