Major threats to marine and coastal ecosystems include coastal development, global climate change, invasive species, overfishing and pollution. There is growing concern that a large number of marine species may be under threat of extinction due to the convergence of these threats. Overfishing is considered to be the greatest threat to marine wildlife and habitats. For more information please follow the link:

https://www.state.gov/e/oes/ocns/opa/biodiversity/

Globalization processes in general, in particular:

- global pollution of the oceans and seas;

- global climate change, regardless of the reasons causing these changes;

- the increasing role of the anthropogenic factor (hunting, cotttraband, etc.).

1 Global Climate Change ( Ocean acidification, Salinity change and Sea surface temperature change)

2. Pollution (Effluent discharge, waste dumping and plastics/micro-plastics)

Natural and physical alterations of oceans and ecosystems , which are caused by changes in global kinetics energized by global climatic changes.

One of the consequences of globalization is the increased migration of biological species through human activity. This leads to the invasion of alien species, increasing interspecific competition and the loss of less competitive species. I wrote more about this in the articles:

http://ecoresearch.info/assets/docs/article/108/2016_Snakin_Izv_AN_ser_Geogr_N5_pp_82-90.pdf;

http://ecoresearch.info/assets/docs/article/112/Snakin V Advanches.pdf.

Global Climate Change

Climate change

I think effluent discharge from farms (includes fertilizers and pesticides) and factories and plastic wastes are the chief culprits. The plastic waste has choked many birds and fish and the chemical effluent wastes have affected the corals and other marine species.

Biodiversity in oceans is mainly affected by the type of pollutants brought by the rivers, global warming , over fishing, invasive species and natural calamities.

Pollutants are a big treat including industries, pesticides, oil industry, that get to de ocean direct or indirectly (via rivers or air).

Climate change and over use of sea resources!!!

The main threats to biodiversity in oceans and ecosystem are the economic activities of man in form of production, consumption and trade in goods and services. Economic activities are associated to various forms of pollution and this enters the ecosystem. Man in search for fuel and timber for example deforest and change the hydro logical cycle, this in turns leads to drought, over-fishing or application of poisonous substances to get better catches is another example, a lot of industries especially tanneries release waste water that contains heavy metals and radioactive elements that pollutes and threaten water bodies, finally nuclear energy is becoming the international economic order and its synthesis is threatening to ocean and biodiversity at large, so also oil spillage. to sum of all, its mans activities in search for butter and bread that is most threatening

Hi Dariusz Prokopowicz

The warming of oceans is damaging coral reefs all over the world, these are some of the most biodiverse places in earth:

https://www.google.co.uk/amp/s/amp.iflscience.com/environment/ocean-warming-leading-unprecedented-loss-coral-reefs/

Chemicals used in clothes manufacturing are damaging river systems in countries which don’t regulate pollution from manufacturing facilities. See article on fast fashion below:

https://www.google.co.uk/amp/s/www.ecowatch.com/fast-fashion-riverblue-2318389169.amp.html

Cotton manufacturing is massively damaging to ecosystems, take the case below on the aral basin:

https://www.google.co.uk/amp/s/amp.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainable-fashion-blog/2014/oct/01/cotton-production-linked-to-images-of-the-dried-up-aral-sea-basin

The reduction in insect species, this is massively damaging to biodiversit in terms of plant pollination and in terms of the food chain for other animals:

https://www.google.co.uk/amp/s/www.euronews.com/amp/2019/02/11/insect-apocalypse-40-of-world-species-threatened-with-extinction-report-finds

All of those articles provide a terrifying read.

Martin

As Mustapha Muktar stated all of those items I have mentioned have a huge human factor.

I think if we look to the threats for environment we can agree that popullation is the main one. And if we won't be prepared for new intervations, maybe in a few centuries our diversity will be lost ... So us.

I agree with M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo for your comment " Pollutants are a big treat including industries, pesticides, oil industry, that get to ocean direct or indirectly (via rivers or air)".

I think human activity which sets off a chain of reactions leading to climate change, pollution , excessive fishing etc., are the factors that are a threat to biodiversity in oceans and ecosystems.

Therefore, in the context of the above considerations, the following important question appears:

What do you think is the importance of biodiversity in natural ecosystems?

Biodiversity is diverse in virtually unlimited degree, which results from the essence of processes of evolution of species, filet lines and entire ecosystems. It is thanks to the millions of years of evolutionary processes on Earth that there are so many different natural and highly diverse ecosystems in which different species of flora, fauna, fungi and microorganisms adapt to life in different and very diverse geographical and climatic environments.

The largest biodiversity of ecosystems and species functions in natural environmental environments in which ecosystems have evolved without human impact through millions of years of climatic and geographical conditions enabling the development of various life forms. These types of high biodiversity sites can be found in unpolluted rainforest ecosystems in tropical forests, in temperate climates and in coral reefs.

Unfortunately, human civilization activity contributes to the successive and accelerating process of biodiversity reduction by dying out species of living organisms. The areas of natural natural ecosystems are decreasing, including those in which the greatest biodiversity is diagnosed, such as the rainforests of the Amazon. The protection of naturalistic ecosystems and thus the protection of the planet's biodiversity is the most important challenge for mankind in the 21st century.

Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

What do you think is the importance of biodiversity in natural ecosystems?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Good discussion.

Climate change and oil pollution

Sustainable growth of a natural ecosystem depends on its biodiversity.

Pollution (in different form such as industrial garbage/effluents, oil spillage, microplastics, etc) has become a great threat to the biodiversity in the oceans & ecosystems. Global worming which causes the increase of ocean temperature can be great threat as well. Another important thing is over-exploitation for which global biodiversity are in the verge of threat to some great extent.

I agree@ Md Monjurul Hasan

You can access to the following article for more:

Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marc_Hockings/publication/43354916_Global_Biodiversity_Indicators_of_Recent_Declines/links/0fcfd50646704ecf9b000000.pdf

Pollution caused by man and climate change are the major determinants of biodiversity.

Habitat degradation and climate change.

Mmain threats

Humn induced pollution

Global warming

Thank you for your answers regarding the possibility of implementing the principles of sustainable development in relation to the state of natural ecosystems in the seas and oceans. I agree that one of the biggest problems is the question of the increasing pollution of the seas and oceans. The increase in pollution results from many negative effects of various processes (pollution of rivers with municipal, industrial and agricultural sewage) and the practice of dumping toxic for organisms live waste directly into the seas and oceans. It is necessary to improve nature protection systems, including the reduction of pollutant emissions that end up in the seas and oceans. In addition, the ongoing global warming process also adversely affects marine and ocean ecosystems. The temperature of the seas and oceans is rising, sea currents are changing. The increase in the water temperature of the seas and oceans and the increase in pollution with waste, microplastics, etc. causes the extinction of coral reefs in subtropical climate zones and the pollution of marine and ocean living organisms (fish, crustaceans, mussels, etc.) with various toxins.

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Happy World Oceans Day, everyone!

"It’s always better to be actively involved in change, even when the problems seem insurmountable."

― Ellie Goulding

Dear Anton Vrdoljak,

Thanks for your post and beautiful photos.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Nagalakshmi Radhakrishnan,

Yes, that's right. These are serious problems of the development of civilization and the negative impact of classical economic development on the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. It is necessary to urgently carry out the pro-environmental transformation of the economy.

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Five main threats to biodiversity are commonly recognized in the programmes of work of the Convention: invasive alien species, climate change, nutrient loading and pollution, habitat change, and overexploitation.

https://www.greenfacts.org/en/global-biodiversity-outlook/l-3/6-threat-biodiversity.htm

Here are five of the biggest challenges our oceans face, and what we can do to solve them:

Climate change. Climate change arguably presents the greatest threat to ocean health. ...

Plastic pollution. ...

Sustainable seafood. ...

Marine protected areas. ...

Fisheries subsidies.

Some threats are: Pollution, Habitat Destruction (loss), Introduction of alien species, Overexploitation, Climate change and Declining marine biodiversity worldwide is a major and on going environmental dilemma.

Global warming is causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal population centers. Many pesticides and nutrients used in agriculture end up in the coastal waters, resulting in oxygen depletion that kills marine plants and shellfish. Factories and industrial plants discharge sewage and other runoff into the oceans.

The biggest problems, with most important first, are: human numbers, carbon-dioxide-driven warming and acidification, overfishing, and plastics.

https://medium.com/@carlsafina/threats-to-the-oceans-and-what-we-should-do-about-them-4591b78df5df

Dear Faraed Salman,

Thanks for your comments, answers and links to interesting publications that relate to the discussed issue of the impact of environmental pollution and global warming on the biodiversity of natural marine and ocean ecosystems.

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Happy World Oceans Day, everyone!

The progressive process of global warming and the increasing scale of environmental pollution is increasing the temperature and changing the chemical composition of the water of the seas and oceans. The result is the death of coral reefs and a decline in the natural biodiversity of marine and ocean ecosystems. It is essential to increase the protection of the biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the seas and oceans, to reduce the level of pollutants entering the water and to counteract the progressive process of global warming, i.e. to urgently reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I agree with all you're answers, more the 50 large ships are entirely destroyed (mostly sunk) every year. & Oil spills In 2022, three large spills (>700 tonnes) and four medium spills (7-700 tonnes) were recorded. Two of the large spills occurred in Asia and one in Africa. The medium spills occurred in North America, Asia and Africa. This brings the decade average to almost 6 spills (>7 tonnes) per year