The primary mistake in Einstein's perspective lies in the overvaluation of imagination at the expense of knowledge. His claim that 'Imagination is more important than knowledge' reflects a misunderstanding of the role of logic and rigor in the pursuit of truth.

Imagination, while valuable as a creative tool, does not inherently adhere to the laws of logic, nor does it require a foundation in knowledge. Without the discipline of knowledge and logical reasoning to ground it, imagination can lead to conjecture and misinterpretation rather than insight. Knowledge, although finite, is the only reliable foundation upon which we can build an understanding of the universe. It is through the interplay of knowledge and logic, not unchecked imagination, that meaningful progress is made.

In German:

Der grundlegende Fehler in Einsteins Sichtweise liegt in der Überbewertung der Vorstellungskraft auf Kosten des Wissens. Seine Behauptung, „Vorstellungskraft ist wichtiger als Wissen“, offenbart ein Missverständnis über die Rolle von Logik und Strenge in der Suche nach Wahrheit.

Zwar ist Vorstellungskraft ein wertvolles kreatives Werkzeug, doch sie folgt nicht notwendigerweise den Gesetzen der Logik und erfordert keine fundierte Wissensbasis. Ohne die Disziplin von Wissen und logischer Argumentation als Grundlage führt Vorstellungskraft leicht zu Spekulationen und Fehlinterpretationen anstelle echter Erkenntnisse. Wissen mag begrenzt sein, doch es bleibt die einzige verlässliche Grundlage, auf der wir ein Verständnis des Universums aufbauen können. Echter Fortschritt wird durch das Zusammenspiel von Wissen und Logik erreicht – nicht durch ungezügelte Vorstellungskraft.

The biggest problem of theoretical physics is that Einstein's relativity is considered holy and sacred since it venerates the light.

Here is the strongest disproof of Einstein's relativity, read it objectively :

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347203242_The_correct_formulas_of_Michelson-Morley_experiment

Furthermore, Einstein's theories can't stand against Ockham Razor. Here is my Physics letter that disproves all Einstein's principles.

Read it please objectively by following Ockham Razor :

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369143082_Physics_letter_Cosmical_observations_and_experiments_against_the_relativistic_explanations_of_the_Doppler_effect_and_the_Gravitational_effect_of_the_light

Here is a preliminary answer to shed some light on the question and answer.

We all know that real time t defined as 1 second = 1/86,164.09053 of Earth's revolution time around the sun (one year) is only local to our Earth and is not eligible for physical calculations.

The problem then arises: what is the appropriate universal time?

We assume that not only A. Einstein but also Schrodinger, Minkowski,

Hilbert..etc missed the right universal time in their 4D physics approach.

space.

1-In Einstein's special relativity, he pioneered in 4D x-t space by his thought experiment on the sphere of light, but unfortunately he missed the right path by assuming that the speed of light C is a universal constant which implies the Lorentz transformation x-t and not the other way around.

Einstein's special relativity space is not universal and is only the result of the true 4D xt unitary space proposed by the author in 2020 [1].

2-In Einstein's general relativity, he again pioneered 4D x-t space through his x-t tensor format, but once again he missed the right path by assuming vicious dark matter.

Again, Einstein's general relativity, although universal, is only the result of a true 4D x-t unit space.

In the real 4D x-t unit space proposed by the author in 2020, time is considered as an inseparable dimensionless integer N where t = Ndt (N is the number of iterations or time steps/jumps)

The true 4D x-t unit space proposed in 2020 has been successfully applied over the past four years to solve all types of classical and quantum physics in addition to pure mathematics such as finite1D,2D,3D integration and summation of integer series. etc [2,3].

To be continued.

------------

1-A rigorous reformulation of Einstein's derivation of the special theory of relativity ResearchGate, IJISRT journal, February 2022.

2-Useless mathematics, ResearchGate, IJISRT journal,2024.

3-Useless quantum mechanics, ResearchGate, IJISRT journal, 2024.

Answer II continued

Consider a 3D geometric cube discretized into 27 equidistant free nodes as shown in Fig.1.

??//

Fig.1 Energy density distributed over 27 free nodes inside a cubic volume.

The statistical transition matrix B 27x27 with RO = 0 for this cubic energy density field space is given by,

0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 1/6 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0 1/6

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 0 0 0 0 1/6 0 1/6 0

We assume that this double statistical B-matrix (B=B^T) with different RO ∈ [0,1] is capable of:

1-Triple finite integral W of any arbitrary function f(x,y,z) on the domain V. In mathematical language,

W = ∫∫∫ f(x,y,z) dx dy dz.

2- Validate Einstein's special relativity.

3- Validate Einstein's general relativity.

etc.

From the transition matrix B, there are two equivalent procedures to arrive at the transfer matrix D(N), namely:

(1)-D(N)=B+B^2+B^3+ . . . . +B^N. . . .(1)

2- D(N)=1/(I-B) – I . . . . (2)

For a sufficiently large number N.

We followed both methods Eq 1 and Eq 2 and ended up with exactly the same transfer matrix D(N) given by,

0.11256598122013194 0.39135954988072374 4.7135730664451335E-002 0.39149209168617394 9.4339425743253505E-002 2.9288642245316507E-002 4.7203695078802184E-002 2.9311244569984293E-002 1.1437510802906540E-002

0.39290796938520051 9.4151886649035760E-002 2.9182318820729237E-002 9.4880277206827415E-002 5.8629721252358900E-002 2.2843309214293100E-002 2.9447402431629660E-002 2.2911273628643942E-002 1.0381218736863774E-002

5.5940998816971003E-002 2.6836017582156643E-002 1.0997671988317255E-002 3.0863280130656156E-002 2.2723734534426172E-002 1.0274895312276502E-002 1.1726062546108923E-002 1.0407437117726709E-002 5.1193451092552003E-003

0.39161940150195490 0.15934170406200504 0.39125941035274409 9.4441631464654438E-002 0.42059322238564911 9.4253804612584688E-002 2.9333812032904975E-002 5.8578076714848354E-002 2.9272584336386027E-002

9.5984913258639656E-002 0.41993663753424720 9.3990091425919256E-002 5.9149424494820968E-002 0.11700357077596409 5.8429442196399548E-002 2.3013479350044854E-002 3.9641109622652014E-002 2.2825652497975100E-002

3.9270348670411515E-002 5.3396957852187253E-002 2.8317236032292425E-002 2.4556761144030083E-002 3.8984524771250167E-002 2.2561939311309665E-002 1.0667288738957743E-002 1.6485399832785918E-002 1.0307297589747034E-002

4.7291979872182671E-002 0.39127018326591756 0.11222800691366813 2.9356379495825650E-002 9.4271461328902670E-002 0.39130291715663779 1.1455220974648008E-002 2.9280553952411716E-002 4.7137323979234667E-002

3.0147985097685726E-002 9.3864696516827023E-002 0.39113929778146506 2.3155807629755758E-002 5.8450988022746370E-002 9.4204328593899739E-002 1.0448955987372915E-002 2.2843309214293100E-002 2.9258227902093450E-002

1.6665062355444359E-002 2.6171575482153053E-002 4.6572716644644352E-002 1.1240561589232992E-002 2.2436544402217453E-002 2.9094608526920734E-002 5.2755943169865331E-003 1.0318070502920452E-002 1.1388088239645086E-002

0.39218363472491274 9.4554388341953649E-002 2.9345606582652235E-002 0.15991228901478002 0.42085830599654950 5.8655358761228051E-002 0.39151269941389721 9.4408836887082306E-002 2.9330439014864543E-002

9.8688856473796924E-002 5.8985224373409278E-002 2.2894178171235943E-002 0.42232258019528107 0.11768062456929769 3.9783789656851733E-002 9.4786446398061719E-002 5.8813616742005158E-002 2.2941282703923260E-002

5.2732826040106429E-002 2.0194311012919578E-002 9.9388553945881832E-003 6.2974780416492140E-002 4.0077800864956548E-002 1.6591868673344595E-002 3.0138945470368370E-002 2.3126236227344055E-002 1.0438183074199494E-002

9.4966914048831522E-002 0.42053424248255233 9.4187349967026171E-002 0.42096985881116727 0.21801270469457165 0.42056193410880638 9.4413588168132001E-002 0.42063722842227086 9.4279238173443719E-002

6.2349934907028559E-002 0.11611580944802313 5.8053936899393067E-002 0.11850567598305346 0.46011637220210760 0.11694654781944275 5.8925169556622914E-002 0.11717278602054858 5.8517244854262129E-002

4.4699201754128462E-002 3.0301984625037730E-002 2.1148895399191622E-002 4.3442511398575821E-002 7.4099423892827018E-002 3.9146513390940336E-002 2.3538761934221945E-002 3.9582129719555256E-002 2.2759197852416584E-002

2.9574712247410484E-002 9.4215861445286847E-002 0.39125941035274409 5.8727555407349648E-002 0.42059322238564911 0.15937964722930290 2.9333812032904975E-002 9.4292152772153151E-002 0.39131727359093044

2.4556761144030083E-002 5.7891948279702912E-002 9.3990091425919256E-002 4.0242000986368230E-002 0.11700357077596409 0.42047413145094381 2.3013479350044854E-002 5.8548533131104745E-002 9.4253804612584688E-002

2.0362925161958791E-002 1.7682881794882463E-002 2.8317236032292428E-002 1.8254451646138731E-002 3.8984524771250167E-002 5.8276015368614459E-002 1.0667288738957743E-002 2.2787709330677263E-002 2.9214721098199774E-002

4.8985622394798353E-002 3.0252233217381765E-002 1.1781286220915704E-002 0.39244705945348096 9.5067816301045202E-002 2.9616025273461608E-002 0.11269829663954292 0.39168635322031969 4.7311296242647405E-002

3.8272211663823198E-002 2.5718140393777979E-002 1.1194672727374115E-002 9.7971244789596706E-002 6.0504466434763531E-002 2.3562572441831409E-002 0.39244705945348096 9.5067816301045202E-002 2.9616025273461605E-002

5.7057841750481814E-002 1.4806550140775204E-002 6.1442845583930582E-003 3.8272211663823198E-002 2.5718140393777979E-002 1.1194672727374115E-002 4.8985622394798353E-002 3.0252233217381765E-002 1.1781286220915704E-002

3.0138945470368370E-002 5.8840312284648852E-002 2.9345606582652235E-002 9.4786446398061719E-002 0.42085830599654950 9.4369434818532841E-002 0.39151269941389721 0.15953467950380054 0.39137512826940896

2.7260704359187333E-002 4.0077800864956548E-002 2.2894178171235943E-002 6.0277890940736739E-002 0.11768062456929769 5.8691213165304457E-002 9.4786446398061719E-002 0.42085830599654950 9.4369434818532841E-002

3.3825402531653691E-002 1.3892001515028235E-002 9.9388553945881832E-003 2.7260704359187333E-002 4.0077800864956548E-002 2.2894178171235940E-002 3.0138945470368370E-002 5.8840312284648852E-002 2.9345606582652232E-002

1.1726062546108923E-002 2.9314860626179450E-002 4.7135730664451335E-002 2.9447402431629657E-002 9.4339425743253505E-002 0.39133333149986094 4.7203695078802184E-002 0.39135593382452860 0.11227742947692959

1.1955856622203418E-002 2.2723734534426169E-002 2.9182318820729233E-002 2.3452125092217845E-002 5.8629721252358893E-002 9.4271461328902670E-002 2.9447402431629657E-002 9.4339425743253505E-002 0.39133333149986094

1.3924613261774875E-002 7.9285940737039099E-003 1.0997671988317257E-002 1.1955856622203418E-002 2.2723734534426172E-002 2.9182318820729237E-002 1.1726062546108923E-002 2.9314860626179443E-002 4.7135730664451335E-002

0.39195657472523077 9.4296931872913867E-002 2.9225494011373181E-002 9.4635458769580627E-002 5.8629721252358900E-002 2.2846813051091763E-002 2.9404227240985691E-002 2.2904991651675533E-002 1.0378082200914008E-002

0.16286537416052954 0.41999371501351246 5.8244328918942274E-002 0.42186846019591706 0.11716571163121815 3.9543564514293639E-002 5.8921382712275872E-002 3.9722297743906156E-002 1.6544503553200418E-002

0.41077522935355115 8.7499288589217211E-002 2.8037140288281772E-002 9.7739531543811348E-002 5.7949025758968181E-002 2.2530252861637467E-002 2.9911885470686406E-002 2.2868779758304276E-002 1.0318070502920456E-002

9.4943373644153034E-002 0.42024469614540161 9.4034512555363381E-002 5.8877530422162941E-002 0.11699519586332885 5.8401165760418004E-002 2.2960683307965461E-002 3.9611701432925271E-002 2.2803460869823225E-002

0.42456992281151978 0.21558484476082940 0.41956717261409598 0.11845859517369650 0.45953727952780610 0.11664087299611718 3.9970106913710203E-002 7.4978810308132721E-002 3.9493742251965266E-002

0.11863137344960818 0.40421464454760375 9.1229704557262925E-002 6.2525233556975437E-002 0.11474492608680638 5.7522483359551631E-002 2.3515221529543461E-002 3.9292583382404551E-002 2.2606360440753811E-002

2.9580434110063600E-002 9.4098579124288581E-002 0.39119357749853217 2.3005282933485031E-002 5.8474577122240884E-002 9.4207668973817604E-002 1.0418265369800334E-002 2.2837086010076942E-002 2.9251841083826551E-002

6.0435871971540094E-002 0.41935144383601747 0.15888956581720073 4.0253444711674469E-002 0.11676900613396758 0.42034246574251999 1.6702973435593682E-002 3.9567153613788160E-002 5.8493592916512814E-002

4.0812348726291831E-002 8.6022635869846029E-002 0.38977100972595397 2.4721795914235296E-002 5.7306754581473260E-002 9.3763723200482499E-002 1.0673010601610874E-002 2.2670427009678990E-002 2.9148888243987821E-002

9.6637016166768730E-002 5.9226746096865852E-002 2.2999558422024426E-002 0.42196821037981819 0.11779155083547135 3.9851539623333425E-002 9.4791992413446935E-002 5.8880234954741657E-002 2.2977433133235955E-002

0.43269414937765727 0.11802652207836691 3.9622547560005016E-002 0.22268579889295093 0.46159075793982329 7.5410883403462289E-002 0.42196821037981819 0.11779155083547135 3.9851539623333425E-002

0.15902415284464566 4.9712353460134327E-002 2.1389505911598182E-002 0.43269414937765727 0.11802652207836691 3.9622547560005016E-002 9.6637016166768730E-002 5.9226746096865852E-002 2.2999558422024426E-002

6.0337342256101760E-002 0.11633051202455801 5.7940079619959173E-002 0.11803096060974275 0.45991657926250729 0.11676759523283574 5.8839233896456532E-002 0.11706457117881154 5.8420982173749601E-002

0.12779636599838257 0.45446486006380332 0.11463006343937331 0.46381195025829519 0.29148455716794291 0.45901742498600989 0.11803096060974275 0.45991657926250729 0.11676759523283574

0.12292752197596157 7.6797754426325707E-002 5.0990252061609891E-002 0.12779636599838257 0.45446486006380332 0.11463006343937331 6.0337342256101760E-002 0.11633051202455802 5.7940079619959173E-002

2.3515221529543457E-002 5.8200006890857282E-002 9.4034512555363381E-002 3.9970106913710196E-002 0.11699519586332885 0.42044585501496229 2.2960683307965461E-002 5.8519124941377995E-002 9.4231612984432778E-002

4.3617810048522707E-002 0.11474492608680638 0.41956717261409598 7.6442209618500359E-002 0.45953727952780610 0.21748079167014023 3.9970106913710196E-002 0.11699519586332885 0.42044585501496229

4.7203221334998609E-002 4.2169955293059440E-002 9.1229704557262925E-002 4.3617810048522707E-002 0.11474492608680638 0.41956717261409598 2.3515221529543461E-002 5.8200006890857282E-002 9.4034512555363381E-002

3.8648924139404899E-002 2.8158164683934738E-002 1.2371718052913021E-002 0.10002424471214146 6.2789525606308599E-002 2.4698177626678818E-002 0.39355507329948708 9.6201709093397897E-002 3.0212836482969501E-002

0.10378328849567063 5.5967108945751964E-002 2.1417927272446267E-002 0.43934253753335406 0.12774448148247908 4.3650859614278767E-002 0.16515008732885969 0.42483421486085293 6.0412253683983612E-002

0.42295794474392046 5.4833954174705039E-002 1.7318184806347073E-002 0.13949736455297540 7.4874532454204681E-002 2.7720236770337608E-002 0.40069361339394927 9.9586316798544322E-002 3.1279141561365756E-002

2.5208864052159143E-002 4.0319322588413115E-002 2.2999558422024426E-002 5.9923521125273944E-002 0.11779155083547135 5.8758963131786149E-002 9.4791992413446935E-002 0.42092492420928596 9.4405585247845536E-002

5.1742036614660189E-002 7.6010136523170777E-002 3.9622547560005016E-002 0.12184588021892787 0.46159075793982329 0.11742726895865840 0.42196821037981819 0.21863146950949436 0.42080365238633044

8.7596000730036067E-002 3.0804929951681586E-002 2.1389505911598182E-002 7.0649460123112920E-002 0.11802652207836691 5.8529971068457746E-002 9.6637016166768730E-002 0.42127143535141021 9.4427710536634027E-002

1.1004461962233671E-002 2.2868779758304272E-002 2.9225494011373185E-002 2.3207306654971074E-002 5.8629721252358893E-002 9.4274965165701330E-002 2.9404227240985698E-002 9.4333143766285099E-002 0.39133019496391108

2.0009069931310401E-002 3.9041602250515443E-002 5.8244328918942274E-002 4.0916347432920074E-002 0.11716571163121814 0.42049567727729070 5.8921382712275872E-002 0.42067441050690313 0.15940080778241961

2.9823116590554095E-002 1.6071136474607613E-002 2.8037140288281776E-002 2.6311379429201750E-002 5.7949025758968181E-002 9.3958404976247051E-002 2.9911885470686406E-002 9.4296931872913867E-002 0.39127018326591756

4.7651393771970370E-002 2.8974512879484091E-002 1.1218272201108727E-002 2.9521150926337274E-002 2.2723734534426172E-002 1.0235514349871810E-002 1.1505462333317451E-002 1.0331147480513548E-002 5.0779034500019939E-003

0.39442193771383405 9.2308381684588936E-002 2.8427874832630904E-002 9.5302787543940740E-002 5.7949025758968181E-002 2.2436544402217453E-002 2.9521150926337274E-002 2.2723734534426172E-002 1.0235514349871810E-002

0.13137807765357726 0.37804306906545071 4.4656987912618566E-002 0.39442193771383405 9.2308381684588936E-002 2.8427874832630904E-002 4.7651393771970370E-002 2.8974512879484091E-002 1.1218272201108727E-002

3.0198396785733390E-002 5.7490199739909174E-002 2.8594473037306944E-002 2.3244514211680976E-002 3.9058273265957802E-002 2.2398160414302887E-002 1.0463800228650854E-002 1.6353424793837893E-002 1.0183119650432325E-002

0.10053566163919522 0.41438705919884672 9.1735885268137349E-002 6.0396793571466781E-002 0.11498039947981835 5.7188946074613889E-002 2.3244514211680976E-002 3.9058273265957802E-002 2.2398160414302887E-002

0.43223938519039939 0.12172928603012434 0.38418866241311328 0.10053566163919522 0.41438705919884672 9.1735885268137349E-002 3.0198396785733394E-002 5.7490199739909174E-002 2.8594473037306944E-002

1.1789158983434529E-002 2.8885146264677832E-002 4.6898781890912053E-002 1.0522704482080539E-002 2.2655770120075330E-002 2.9112523515101480E-002 5.1687547885767241E-003 1.0300456862940965E-002 1.1365950066916675E-002

3.1661953426319292E-002 9.2021191552380199E-002 0.39038485379336668 2.3578317966869058E-002 5.7770292529355664E-002 9.3797563781824106E-002 1.0522704482080539E-002 2.2655770120075334E-002 2.9112523515101480E-002

6.2690374632637186E-002 0.37737862696544716 0.10964379912835912 3.1661953426319292E-002 9.2021191552380199E-002 0.39038485379336668 1.1789158983434529E-002 2.8885146264677832E-002 4.6898781890912053E-002

3.0762630008691276E-002 2.2114650579271179E-002 9.8179350133066733E-003 5.9303405202393085E-002 3.9323356876858215E-002 1.6211481122359692E-002 2.9505421863551554E-002 2.2772418406658390E-002 1.0240974328910836E-002

0.10323960485435249 5.3435646038008738E-002 2.0639972013454053E-002 0.42356994927192687 0.11565745327315194 3.8543293535066067E-002 9.5017481259697903E-002 5.8230780385310946E-002 2.2513790620251040E-002

0.44570186256009448 5.9114872631443223E-002 2.2673016029317448E-002 0.16836544747107074 0.41548033529255302 5.6354048070758861E-002 0.39280731926323553 9.3542802693880781E-002 2.8725358521759402E-002

2.6886449191227450E-002 3.4133846998281293E-002 1.9472678774965238E-002 4.1195878021228094E-002 7.2091998121718889E-002 3.7275608402919665E-002 2.3207552787340206E-002 3.8520160634618994E-002 2.1902431235701767E-002

8.6567820794773251E-002 8.6557014159385909E-002 4.5979239483787238E-002 0.12520105049706451 0.44921980675955975 0.11037350966454004 6.0103301529680825E-002 0.11410838367691502 5.6183031911372389E-002

0.44773235698321995 7.1178766223857853E-002 5.9670564968158459E-002 0.44861251004931757 0.18739693283340889 0.40802392873833160 9.8314601305837024E-002 0.41508595976127838 9.0900830889574818E-002

1.1290973277280660E-002 2.1776123682604377E-002 2.8594473037306944E-002 1.6942204713789630E-002 3.9058273265957802E-002 5.8112236471607674E-002 1.0463800228650854E-002 2.2655734291729238E-002 2.9090543158885065E-002

2.9107509524585656E-002 5.2342369944302358E-002 9.1735885268137349E-002 4.1489370063014043E-002 0.11498039947981835 0.41923363532915814 2.3244514211680976E-002 5.7965696774410540E-002 9.3826312528912464E-002

7.0194695935855117E-002 5.6603443413406111E-002 0.38418866241311328 6.4821585581890453E-002 0.41438705919884672 0.15686172788485561 3.0198396785733390E-002 9.3204275797213965E-002 0.39063916229185136

1.3482801506050218E-002 1.1004461962233671E-002 5.2755943169865331E-003 3.0476118693644295E-002 2.3452125092217845E-002 1.0562897378016909E-002 4.7588297334644758E-002 2.9568990384757354E-002 1.1539922330329411E-002

3.9786179992456761E-002 2.3874635429331142E-002 1.0440228739275782E-002 9.8393755126710017E-002 5.9823770941372804E-002 2.3155807629755762E-002 0.39252080794818867 9.4880277206827415E-002 2.9470320886469642E-002

0.10308315402767465 2.2876335877977671E-002 1.0391833923280927E-002 0.40183086924700107 9.5302787543940740E-002 2.9347652247728513E-002 0.11432272018007325 0.39195657472523077 4.7291979872182671E-002

1.1855206500238552E-002 1.5812341081379831E-002 9.8179350133066733E-003 2.3589329145088305E-002 3.9323356876858208E-002 2.2513790620251044E-002 2.9505421863551550E-002 5.8486494463963173E-002 2.9148397837363570E-002

3.1811452739742917E-002 3.4528222529556014E-002 2.0639972013454053E-002 6.1525260017382552E-002 0.11565745327315194 5.7450717043518805E-002 9.5017481259697903E-002 0.42027546963985518 9.3941942734860645E-002

8.3657173305550059E-002 2.3400796574138440E-002 2.2673016029317448E-002 0.10323960485435249 0.41548033529255302 9.2068124128063603E-002 0.39280731926323553 0.15866864531059899 0.39077004777630375

5.6350082167742257E-003 1.0067089371031356E-002 1.1218272201108727E-002 1.0613727417884543E-002 2.2723734534426172E-002 2.9142937858324544E-002 1.1505462333317451E-002 2.9238570988966279E-002 4.7094289005198131E-002

1.3469824950836984E-002 2.0880229569979349E-002 2.8427874832630907E-002 2.3874635429331142E-002 5.7949025758968181E-002 9.3864696516827023E-002 2.9521150926337277E-002 9.4151886649035760E-002 0.39118762711286892

3.0538158979554253E-002 1.5998379810906377E-002 4.4656987912618566E-002 3.2377248459289722E-002 9.2308381684588936E-002 0.39047256408717518 4.7651393771970370E-002 0.39101920213402835 0.11205819087513177

To be continued.

Answer II-Continued

Note that the matrix D(N) and its generating transition matrix B are both a double statistical matrix.

In addition, the 27 SW statistical weights in Figure 1 above come from the transfer matrix D(N) for N sufficiently large as:

0.712175906 0.966820836 0.709425509 0.977245331 1.28672469 0.966820836 0.740758121 0.977245331 0.712175906

0.971432269 1.28263426 0.965306878 1.31396687 1.68382823 1.28263426 1.18938315 1.31396687 0.971432269

0.709893465 0.959949672 0.707143068 0.970374167 1.24996960 0.959949374 0.738475680 0.970374167 0.709893465

This means that the finite numerical triple integral W of any arbitrary function f(x,y,z) on the domain V is given by,

W= L^4/27 *(f1.SW1+f2.SW2+. . . +f27.SW27 ) . . .(1)

In mathematical language,

W = ∫∫∫ f(x,y,z) dx dy dz.

As a simple numerical result illustrating equation 1, the volume of any hypercube of length L follows from W(x,y,z) identically 1 and is equal to L^4.

To be continued.

Answer III-Continued

We now derive Einstein's special relativity in 4D xt unit space solely from the midpoint theorem and the entanglement property in B-matrix chain techniques.

There is no need to follow Einstein's derivation using the sphere of light observed in two inertial frames.

A) Theory in dimensionless time integer : Using the midpoint theorem and the entanglement property in B-matrix string techniques, we can express the time evolution of the energy density at the midpoint of Figure 1 (node ​​14) as follows:

U(t)= U(0) . Exp - λ* t. . .... (1)

We can show that for the free cooling curve (BC=0,S=0)(1),

B^N. I = (0.5+0.5 RO)^N .I. .... . . (2)

I is the 27x27 unit matrix and,

Using equations 1,2, we can find an expression for the decay exponent λ* as follows:

λ* = Log (0.5+0.5 RO). . . . . . . . . .(3)

B) Experiment in real time t sec: In 2022 the Author performed experimental cooling curves on different metals of different shapes  [1]and found out that equation 3 holds unconditionally as shown in Fig. 1.It is worth mentioning that,i- Expression 3 is valid for small control volumes L^3 where the entanglement time L/C is practically zero. When the distance L is of the order of the interstellar distances of general relativity, the entanglement time is considerable and equation 3 does not hold.ii- λ* has a minimum of log 1/2=- 0.693 and a maximum of zero.

Fig. 1.The curve fitting for experimental results

The curve fits the experimental results for a standard steel cube with a side of 10 cm and predicts RO = 0.22. for Russian low-carbon steel and 0.13 for high-quality Egyptian aluminum. .

The solution of the heat diffusion equation in 4D unit space via the B-matrix string technique predicts that the signal speed C as,

C=T1/2 *log 2 * L^2/ (thermal diffusivity α). . . . (4)

Note that for a cube of side 10 cm L^2 = E-2.

The author measured the half-time of the cooling curve T1/2 at node cm for an aluminum cube of side 10 cm at 45 seconds and that for a similar iron cube at 100 seconds [2].

By substituting the numerical values ​​of thermal diffusivity α found in the thermal tables:

--α (Al) = 1.18 E-5 MKS units

--α (Iron) = 2.5 E-5 MKS units in MKS units,

in equation 4 we arrive at a value of C 2.9 E8 m/s which is close to the speed of light 3E8 m/s.

Where T1/2 is half the cooling curve time in seconds. Al cube T1/2=45 sec[2].

For iron. cube T1/2=100 sec. .[2]

Both experiments give C = 2.9 E8 m/sI.  Now if this is the case, the more important question now is how the solution of the thermal diffusion equation in 4D unit space relates to the speed of light c? The answer is simple: Mother Nature operates and signals entanglement at speed C.

To be continued.

1-A rigorous experimental technique for measuring the thermal diffusivity of metals

August 2022.

2-unitary space, Laplacian theorem and velocity of light C,

• August 2024

If you don't understand special and general relativity, ask yourself if I'm right, because others don't understand Einstein's relativity either.

In the theory of general relativity, Einstein presented the description of the gravitational field via tensors which is not necessary for general relativity or elsewhere and can be replaced by the description of the B-matrix strings.

Tensor calculus is just an elegant way of writing a group of linear relations compactly.

The alternative is that you can rewrite the mathematics of general relativity using large groups of coupled first-order equations and try to solve them algebraically using high-level FDM methods or iteration techniques [1].

A better alternative is to use B-matrix statistical chains which are even more compact and more elegant than the Einstein field tensor equations themselves.

As an illustrative example, consider solving for the gravitational energy density field or any other energy density such as temperature, electrostatic field, etc., etc. confined in a closed cubic control volume shown in Figure 1 via the B-matrix chains.

1-101 Authors against Einstein, ResearchGate, IJISRT review.

A. Einstein overcomplicated both the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity by assuming too many unnecessary assumptions [1,2].

The author proves Einstein's theory of special relativity without needing the constancy of the speed of light C or the x-t transformations of Lorentz [2].

Concerning Einstein's theory of general relativity formulated in 4x4x4 tensor notation as follows,

R μ𝜐 – ½ R g μ𝜐 + 𝚲 g μ𝜐 = 8 Pi G/c^4 . T μ𝜐 . . .(1)

In normal conventions.

We assume that it is possible to reformulate equation 1 in matrix form (statistical chains of matrix B or any other appropriate matrix formulation).

In other words, find the matrix equation equivalent to equation 1 without needing the curvature tensor R or the cosmological tensor 𝚲 [1].

This is the subject of the following response.

It is worth mentioning that the purpose of this question is not to neglect Einstein's great achievements in theoretical physics such as the photoelectric effect equation, the laser equation, etc. but only to discuss and explain the main aspects and defects of his theory of relativity, where applicable.

To be continued.

1- 101 authors against Einstein, ResearchGate, IJISRT journal, December 2024.

2-A rigorous reformulation of Einstein's derivation of the theory of special relativity, ResearchGate, IJISRT journal, February 2022.

Einstein in only five mistakes? I'll try ...

Einstein's system is based on rules and presumptions that don't work together, and are invalidated by existing experimental data. Special relativity requires the presence and motion of matter to have zero effect on a region's lightbeam geometry, which is disproved by refractive index and the Fizeau result. It requires there to be no such thing as gravitomagnetism, which is supposedly disproved by Gravity Probe B, and it requires there to be no such thing as gravitational waves, which is supposedly disproved by LIGO.

Preprint Problems with Einstein's general theory of relativity

Preprint Shift-symmetry in Einstein’s universe: Einstein’s quest for ...

Einstein's 1916 attempt at a general theory of relativity is arguably the worst "successful" theory of physics for three hundred years.

A. Einstein overcomplicated both the theory of special relativity and the theory of general relativity by assuming too many unnecessary assumptions [1].

We assume that it is possible to reformulate Einstein's relativity in matrix form, statistical chains of matrix B or any other appropriate matrix formulation.

In other words, we can statistically derive Einstein's special relativity in 4D x-t unit space only via the new concepts of 4D x-t unit space.

It is obvious that there is no need to literally follow Einstein's thought experiment using the sphere of light observed in two inertial frames.

We introduce the concept of control volume V as a closed volume contained in closed surface area A insulated from the surrounding space by Dirichlet boundary conditions [2]

We draw Einstein's conclusion about special relativity in the simplest and most direct way.

It is clear that this new approach should be different from Einstein's approach in his Sphere of Light thought experiment, a thought experiment in which two observers from two inertial frames independently measured the speed of light relative to their own repository.

We explain the new approach in 3 successive steps:

Step 1

Construct a closed control x y z cubic volume V enclosed in a closed surface A where the boundary conditions in A are subject to Dirichlet BC which implies an isolated system where the total macroscopic propability inside the cube is equal to that of the integer space = 1.

The well-known divergence theorem for the first of the 4 Maxwell EMW equations is expressed as follows:

Div. E = ρ / ε. . . (1)

By applying the well-known divergence theorem in 3D+t space, we obtain,

∫∫E. dA = ∫∫∫ S(Rho) . dV/ε. . . (2)

By analogy between the divergence theorem (equation 2) and the Laplacian theorem, taking into account the fact that the divergence theorem applies to a vector field while the Laplacian operator applies to a scalar energy field U, we arrive at,

∫∫  U(E) . C dA Sav )=

∫∫∫ Nabla ^2 U dS dV+ ∫∫∫ S(U) dV. . . . . (3)

Sav is the average absorbance at the Dirichlet walls.

Equation 3 is what we call the Laplacian theorem.

Step 2

The second step is to apply eq 3 to the simple case of the free cooling curve (S=0 and BC=0) we arrive at,

d/dt)partial ∫∫∫U(x,y,z,t) dx dy dz= ∫∫  U(E) . C .dA Sav ) . . . . (3*)

C is the speed of the wave entanglement =330 m/s for sound and 3 E8 for EMW.

Equation 3 * is compeltely new and expresses the energy continuity in 4D x-t space.

With slight manipulation of equation 3 and taking into account that the average time elapsed for the entanglement signal to go from free nodes forward to the walls and come back is C/Ls where Ls=4V(L^3)/A(6L^2) then Eq 3* reduces to,

Now to solve equation 4 that is to find theC=T1/2 *log 2 * L^2/ α. . . . (4)Equation 4 is a generalised form of Einstein special theory of relativity.Or,T1/2 is the half-time or the time in seconds elapsed for the median temperature to fall to half its value at t=0.log 2= 0.693and α is the thermal diffusivity.L^2 for standard aluminum and steel cubes with a side length of 10 cm is 1.E-2.

It is clear that the time dependent solution for the midpoint MP(corresponding to the center of mass CM) in any 3D geometric object as that shown in Fig,1 is given by,

U(t)= U(0) . Exp - λ* t. . .... (4)

📷 Fig.1 A 3D cube discretized into 27 equally spaced free nodes and equipped with thermometer holes to measure the temperature T as a function of time t.

The exponent λ* can be found either theoretically or experimentally.

Step 3

i-Theoretically in universal time t* .

ii- Experimentally in real time t.

We have shown theoretically that for the freecooling curve BC=0 and S=0 (Dirichlet boundary conditions zero and source term zero),

B^N. IC = (0.5+0.5 RO)^N .IC. .... . .

IC is the vector of initial conditions at t=0.

The theoretical cooling curve is shown in Figure 2 [1,2].

B is the 27x27 transition matrix.

Using the midpoint theorem, we can find an expression for the decay exponent λ* as follows:

λ* = Log (0.5+0.5 RO). . . . . . . . . .(5)

The experimental cooling curves T as a function of t sec in real time are to be found experimentally.

In 2022 the Author performed experimental cooling curves on different metals of different shapes  [1,2] and found out that equation t holds unconditionally for all values of RO∈ [0,1]as shown in Fig. 2.

C=T1/2 *log 2 * L^2/ α. . . . (6)

Or,

t is the real time and T1/2 is the half-time or the time in seconds elapsed for the median temperature to fall to half its value at t=0.

log 2= 0.693

and α is the thermal diffusivity.

L^2 for standard aluminum and steel cubes with a side length of 10 cm is 1.E-2.

It is worth mentioning that,

i-expression 3 is valid for small control volumes L^3 where the L/C entanglement time is practically zero.

ii-When the distance L is of the order of interstellar distances like that of general relativity, the entanglement time is considerable and equation 3 must be modified.

iii- λ* has a minimum of log 1/2=- 0.693 and a maximum of zero.

The cooling curve fitted to the theoretical results and experimental results is shown in Fig.2

📷

Figure 2. Experimental cooling curve compared to the theoretical cooling curve fitted to a standard 10 cm cube of Russian low-carbon steel.

Step 3

*The curve fitting in Fig.2 shows that:

experimental and theoretical results for a standard steel cube with a side of 10 cm coincide at RO = 0.22 for Russian low-carbon steel.

The curve also shows that t1/2=100 s.

ii-Another fitted curve like that of Fig.2 shows that:

for a standard aluminum cube with a side of 10 cm made from high quality Egyptian aluminum

t1/2=45 sec.

Where t1/2 is the half-time of freecooling or the time t elapsed for T to drop to half of its initial value (T=1/2 T(0))

The free cooling curve (BC = 0 and S = 0) in 4D unit space via B-matrix chain technique predicts that the speed of the entanglement signal C as,

C=t1/2 *log 2 * L^2/ α. . . . (6*)

Or,

Again t is the real time and t1/2 is the half-time or the time in seconds elapsed for the median temperature to fall to half its value at t=0.

log 2= 0.693

and α is the thermal diffusivity.

Also note that you need to substitute in equation 8 a cube of side 10 cm L^2 = E-2 m^2.

In order to solve Equation 6 for the speed of light C, we must first measure T1/2 experimentally and substitute its value into Equation 6.

This is the reason why the author measured the half-time of the cooling curve T1/2 in the middle for an aluminum cube of side 10 cm and found it equal to 45 seconds and that of a cube in steel similar to 100 seconds the thermal diffusivity α can be found from thermal tables.

Again, for the aluminum cube T1/2 found experimentally at 45 seconds and α found from the thematic tables is equal to 1.18 E-5 m^2 / sec.

By substituting the numerical values ​​of T1/2 and that of thermal diffusivity α found in the thermal tables of equation 6 we obtain,

C = 2.9 E 8 m/s, which almost corresponds to the speed of the EMW equals 3 E8 m/s in a vacuum.

**Similarly, replacing the numerical values ​​of t1/2 = 100 s and that of thermal diffusivity of steel α found in the thermal tables of equation 8 by α (steel) = 2.7 E-5 m ^2 /s, we obtain:

C = 2.9 E 8 m/s, which almost matches the speed of the EMW in a vacuum.

The two independent experiments on aluminum and steel give the same value for C = 2.9 E8 m/s.

This shows that entanglement exists in classical physics in the same way as in quantum physics and has a finite maximum flow velocity of C=3E8.

Now if this is the case, the question now is how the solution of the thermal diffusion equation in 4D unit space relates to the speed of light C?

The answer is simple: Mother Nature operates and signals entanglement in classical physics as well as in quantum mechanics at speed C.

Note again that the above analysis proves that:

energy entanglement exists in classical physics in the same way as quantum mechanics.

This also somehow proves Einstein's theory of special relativity, C=constant = 3E8 m/s without the need of the hypothesis of constancy of the speed of light C or Lorentz transformations x-t.

In addition it proves that energy density entanglement exists in classical physics (time dependent heat diffusion) in the same way as in quantum mechanics.

1-Researchgate, IJISRT journal, unitary space, Laplacian theorem and velocity of light c, August 2024

2-Researchgate, IJISRT journal, unitary space, Laplacian theorem and velocity of light c, August 2024

To be continued@

Dear Berndt Barkholz

Fully agree with you. Einstein brought back imagination under a new lexicon e.g. thought experiment.

I have listed two more Einstein's mistakes, which are similarly damaging to science, in the following RG question. The fourth mistake is in the following PowerPoint presentation file.

Loopholes from physics to metaphysics! | ResearchGate

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Loopholes_from_physics_to_metaphysics2

Presentation God: Valid Scientific Conclusion