It is true that Einstein used the correct four-dimensional unitary space x-t, not discrete, but continuous, where the definition of time is practically impossible.
In his special theory of relativity, we find two major errors:
1- He struggles or attempts to derive Lorence's spacetime transformations, which are universal laws of nature and therefore have no derivation [1].
2- He postulates the constancy of the speed of light c in free space, which has no physical meaning.
It is true that c^2 is the universal constant u [1], which corresponds to the mass-energy transformation constant,
E=m . c^2.
3- He defines neither time nor the time interval. We assume that time is discrete and that dt can therefore be defined in a discrete four-dimensional unitary x-t space.
4- Special relativity and general relativity should be consistent, and therefore special relativity should be the limit of general relativity when the curvature of space or the energy density tends to zero.
However, Einstein did not prove this crucial fact.
5- He did not generalize the curvature of space to any form of energy density.
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1- A rigorous reformulation of Einstein's proof of special relativity, Feb. 2022.
Einstein's relativity does not naturally incorporate quantum principles, leading to difficulties in developing a unified theory of quantum gravity. This isn't an error per se, but a recognized limitation. Observations of galactic rotation curves and the accelerated expansion of the universe suggest phenomena not explained by Einstein’s equations without introducing dark matter and dark energy—hypothetical components, not errors in the theory itself. Solutions like black hole singularities involve infinite curvature of spacetime, indicating a breakdown of the theory's applicability under extreme conditions. This is viewed as a sign that general relativity is incomplete at quantum scales. Certain parameters in cosmology and particle physics suggest fine-tuning issues that challenge the naturalness of Einstein’s framework, implying that additional physics might be needed.
Some theories propose that Einstein’s equations might be modified at very high energies (e.g., near the Planck scale) or cosmological scales, hinting at possible corrections or extensions needed.
While Einstein’s relativity remains robust and experimentally verified in many regimes, ongoing research explores its limitations and seeks a more fundamental theory that unifies it with quantum mechanics. The "errors" Ismail Abbas M. Abbas are better described as open questions and areas for further investigation rather than outright mistakes.
Best, stephen
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