There are numerous factors affecting climate change:

1 Population is the most important factor and all other factor are associated with it.

2 Urban sprawl

3 Modernization and mechanisation

4 Deforestation

5 Industrial activity

6 Food preference

7 Intensive farming

And many more....

Trees 🌲🌳🌴are in abundance moderate the climate by taking the CO2 from the atmosphere and fix it in the form Cellulose which we call the carbon sequestration..

The most important contribution that trees make to the planet's climate and weather, is when they are the hosts for the Pseudomonas bacteria that create the rainclouds for local areas. The small area of forest in the mountains of Oman in Salalah is the only place on the Arabia peninsula that has flowing rivers, image above where the trees exist, and a few kilometers away where they do not. Read the Discover magazine article at https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/does-rain-come-from-life-in-the-clouds

The same thing is happening in Iran in the forests there, and you can spot the Pseudomonas forming a new raincloud, as they get airborne right after a rain event stops. Picture attached. Nobody know which trees are the host plants yet, but if they were identified and more were planted, then arid and drought prone areas could increase their annual rainfall.

Trees help to prevent flooding by stabilising landscapes and absorb carbon dioxide :)

Pollution (addition of gases into the air from human activities, such as carbon dioxide) is the main cause of climate change today.

Trees absorb some of the CO2 from the air, but people have been cutting down trees for all kinds of reasons, such as building roads, houses, etc. Therefore, unless you plant more trees and some are doing that, the CO2 builds up in the atmosphere and has the tendency to absorb heat that is being sent back into space. Instead of going to space this (outgoing) heat stays in the air and warms up the air (global warming).

Forest safeguards the soil surface from heavy rainfall; reduces the rate of runoff by increasing the rate of infiltration. Loss of forest cover; decreases soil surface infiltration thereby by increasing surface runoff, alters forest hydrology regime, resulting impact on climatic parameters such as precipitation and temperature.

Leila Vatani

Dear Dr. Michael Issigonis

Yes, that's true, but the type of trees we choose have an effect on regional warming. For example, I did research in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran and found that the conifers have increased regional warming in this area.

Dear Deepak Chand

Yes, I exactly agree.

Since type of tree species is likely to affect climate factors including evaporation, transpiration, greenhouse gases emission, and albedo, a combination of factors affecting global warming should be taken into account as the basis in studies related to effect of trees on global warming. If these factors are overlooked in forest development plans, planners won’t be able to assess the impact of land cover on climate change and reduction of its outcomes. Nowadays, knowing about how trees and forests can affect water, energy, and carbon cycles and also how forests and trees can be employed to improve adaptation with climate change is necessary for forest planning and management. To deal with climate changes, conformity among tree species exists; and optimum management of forest ecosystems needs to aim to adjust consequences of global warming and also use appropriate tree species.

Water Security is one of the most (if not the most) nagging issues in water-scarce countries, particularly as it is exacerbated by Climate Change concerns. Perspectives for sustainable development in the arid region are given in the following discussions:

(2) Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change: "Temporal Paradox" versus "Chronology Protection Conjecture". (researchgate.net)

(2) On Water Scarcity Indicators (researchgate.net)

Here is a script that may help you:

Article Climate change reshapes the drivers of false spring risk acr...

Geological records show that there have been a number of large variations in the Earth's climate. These have been caused by many natural factors, including changes in the sun, emissions from volcanoes, variations in Earth's orbit and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). As trees grow, they help stop climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the air, storing carbon in the trees and soil, and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. However, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that climate variables, in particular water availability, were the strongest drivers of tree growth. More rainfall, a shorter and less intense dry period and higher temperatures led to higher tree growth rates. Therefore, unless you plant more trees and some are doing that, the CO2 builds up in the atmosphere and has the tendency to absorb heat that is being sent back into space.

Agreed with what you said Dr Naresh

In addition to the impacts through greenhouse gases, trees impact climate through other mechanisms, including changes in evapotranspiration and surface albedo (the fraction of solar radiation reflected back into space). Tree removal generally increases albedo, with a cooling effect on climate, but also reduces evapotranspiration, with a warming effect. In the tropics, the evapotranspiration effect dominates, so deforestation has an overall warming effect through these processes, in addition to the warming impact of carbon dioxide emissions. Deforestation also intensifies periods of high temperature, because non-forest vegetation rapidly depletes surface soil water while the deeper-rooted forests can continue transpiring longer. On a global scale, the greenhouse gas effects of tree loss dominate, but locally and immediately these ‘biophysical’ effects are often larger, particularly in the tropics. Indeed, large-scale forest clearance in the tropics can have a significant biophysical impact on air temperatures at the regional level. Trees also have direct impacts on rainfall through evapotranspiration and other, more complex, mechanisms.

True.. There are multiple impacts at different levels. Climate change is a complex phenomena. Many things are seemsy to still remain explained..

Greenhouse effect due to CO2 emissions is one of the most important research topics related to Climate Change as it involves the hole of the Carbon Cycle including anthropogenic emissions. The Good News is that regular observations made since 1998 showed that over the last 40 years, the concentrations of CO2 in Antarctic bottom waters had increased on average and that this increase was mainly explained by the absorption of CO2 of anthropogenic origin. This scientic finding has been acheived within the framework of the OISO (American campaign GEOSECS and French campaign INDIGO), researchers from the LOCEAN/IPSL Laboratory. See:

https://www.insu.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/stabilite-surprenante-des-concentrations-de-co2-anthropique-dans-les-eaux-de-fond-de

Through its ability to absorb more than 90% of the excess heat energy in the atmosphere due to global warming and around 25 to 30% of the CO2 emitted by human activities, the ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the weather. The Southern Ocean alone accumulates about 40% of all anthropogenic CO2 accumulated in the global ocean. In particular, the cold, dense waters that form and sink around the Antarctic continent can carry anthropogenic CO2 from the surface down to the Antarctic bottom waters that line all ocean basins and have the ability to sustainably sequester it.

Dear Readers, The issue of National Water Security concerns drinking water supply but also food safety, linked to agricultural policy. Both rainfed and irrigated agriculture play complementary roles in food security, and the water issue implies a holistic view of water resources. To discuss this issue, I just started a discussion on water security and food security in arid countries:

(5) National Water Security in Water-Scarce Countries (researchgate.net)

Dear R. T. Corlett

Yes, I agree with you, but the type of tree species affects the amount of albedo. For example, in a study I did in the forests of northern Iran, I found that coniferous tree species had less albedo than broadleaf.