These are all defined for the purpose of modeling the load-deformation behavior of the body on which the load is applied. A simple way to conceptualize the difference is that a static load is applied slowly (a relative term) on the body such that it is not subjected to any motion (i.e., no inertia) for all practical purposes. Another way to think about it is that the load is applied slowly such that it is resisted solely by the stiffness of the body.
A static load that increases continuously (as opposed to in steps, for example) is a monotonic load.
A dynamic load is applied fast (again a relative term) such that the body is subjected to a motion, and the resistances to the load are provided by the stiffness, viscosity, and inertia of the body.
A load that repeats itself (in magnitude) in a regular time interval is a cyclic load. A cyclic load is a dynamic load.
A seismic (ground motion) load is a dynamic load, but not necessarily a cyclic load.