The concept can be clearly defined as "Transcription Factor"
Transcription factors are proteins involved in the gene regulation like Basal factors, Activators and Repressors etc.
Basal factors have specific DNA binding domain (like Leucine Zipper) and they bind directly to the promoters of specific genes and initiate the basal level of transcription.
On the contrary, activators and repressors also have DNA binding domains but they bind to the enhancers and in some cases operators (prokaryotes) rather than promoters (as in basal factors) of specific genes and stimulate (activator) or suppress (repressor) the rate of transcription above or below basal level.
In addition to those, yet another types of gene regulatory proteins which don't have DNA binding domain and don't come into direct contact of DNA, but still affect the transcription level by binding Basal factors/Activators/Repressors with the aid of specific protein binding domains (like Helix Loop Helix, Helix Turn Helix). These proteins indirectly affect transcription level by modulating the action of proteins that directly bind DNA and are called co-factors.There are again two types of them: Co-activators (those which stimulate upon binding) and co-repressors (those which suppress)
All types of proteins that are involved in gene regulation are collectively called TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
The concept can be clearly defined as "Transcription Factor"
Transcription factors are proteins involved in the gene regulation like Basal factors, Activators and Repressors etc.
Basal factors have specific DNA binding domain (like Leucine Zipper) and they bind directly to the promoters of specific genes and initiate the basal level of transcription.
On the contrary, activators and repressors also have DNA binding domains but they bind to the enhancers and in some cases operators (prokaryotes) rather than promoters (as in basal factors) of specific genes and stimulate (activator) or suppress (repressor) the rate of transcription above or below basal level.
In addition to those, yet another types of gene regulatory proteins which don't have DNA binding domain and don't come into direct contact of DNA, but still affect the transcription level by binding Basal factors/Activators/Repressors with the aid of specific protein binding domains (like Helix Loop Helix, Helix Turn Helix). These proteins indirectly affect transcription level by modulating the action of proteins that directly bind DNA and are called co-factors.There are again two types of them: Co-activators (those which stimulate upon binding) and co-repressors (those which suppress)
All types of proteins that are involved in gene regulation are collectively called TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
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