The criteria for inclusion and exclusion in bibliometric studies depend on the research objectives, scope, and the databases being analyzed. Inclusion criteria typically involve selecting articles that address the key topics or keywords relevant to the study, fall within a specified time range (e.g., 2000–2024), and are of specific publication types such as peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, or books. Researchers often focus on publications in a particular language, such as English, and rely on sources indexed in reputable databases like Scopus or Web of Science to ensure reliable metadata. On the other hand, exclusion criteria involve eliminating articles unrelated to the study's theme, non-academic sources like blogs or opinion pieces (unless they are specifically relevant), and duplicate records from multiple databases. Publications with incomplete metadata, such as missing author names or abstracts, and those in languages the researcher cannot analyze, are also excluded. Documenting these criteria clearly is essential for ensuring transparency, replicability, and academic rigor in bibliometric research.