Please visit on google search biomaterials I think you will gain much more knowledge .

anions or cations

i think heavy metals ions are toxic (Al, Cadmum, arsenic, Cupper,,,,,,)

I believe that calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and iron ions are the most biologically active

all heavy metals are toxic.

the trace elements are necessary for biological functions such as selenium, molybdinum. other elments such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus are also important and represent electrolyte.

Elements such as iron , copper become harmful when exceeded the normal range.

Naimish Kumar Verma Thank you Dr. i try it

Eshak Mourad El-Hadidy

Thank you

Thana Mustafa

thank you, Dr.thana

Shatha Abdul Wadood AL-Shammaree

Thank you, Dr.Shatha

Dear Haider Abdulkareem Almashhadani for some initial informations on this topic, please see the attached useful article entitled "Bioactive Glass Applications in Dentistry". According to this paper "The chemistry of bioactive glass (BAG) is mimicking the natural hard tissues composition, and has a bioactive role in the regeneration. In addition, various elements such as Si, P, Sr, Cu, F, Ag, Zn, and F are added to enhance the bioactivity and antimicrobial properties." The paper has been published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences and is available opne access.

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03608306

All heavy metals are toxic

Dear Dr. Rashied Rashied thank you for your answer

Thank you Dr Wafaa Waleed Al-Qaysi