What are the best technologies used to desalinate water on a large scale using solar energy, and how practical are these technologies?
knowing that the source water is not marine water, but rather water taken from rivers and sewers with salinity slightly more than the permissible level.
Thaer Roomi i came across one paper and felt it interesting and it was regarding the desalination using solar radiation and I thought might be of your use as well am sharing the link here with for your reference
Book Solar-Powered Desalination http://www.intechopen.com/books/d...
Seawater desalination units using solar energy have already been considered. The principle is simple: the heat provided by solar radiation vaporizes the saltwater into water vapour. This condenses on a cold wall giving drinking water which is collected. The heat given off by condensation is generally exhausted to the outside.
Researchers from MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Cambridge, USA and Shanghai Jiao Tang University, Shanghai, China have succeeded in increasing by nearly four times the efficiency of such a system by recovering the heat released by condensation. for use in vaporization.
The system they evaluated on a mock-up in the laboratory is based on the following principle: solar radiation serves to vaporize water from saltwater by heating it to a sufficient temperature and providing it with the latent heat of vaporization required. As it condenses, the water vapour gives the condenser back this latent heat. This is reused to heat and vaporize saltwater, through the use of cascade vaporization-condensation stages.
Regards
Thanks Dear Bachir Achour for your focused and comprehensive answer, hoping that such innovative methods are widely used in the world to solve even a small part of the problem of drinking water availability.
Regards
Hello Thaer Sir,
I recent came across a very similar type of question, but his concern was excluding Reverse Osmosis.
Here is my suggestion and answer to your important query.
Excluding Reverse osmosis, the most competent to this technology is "Electrodialysis ". There are other techniques as well like Membrane capacitive de-ionization (MCDI) , thermal based processes, etc. However, considering the energy consumption and TDS removal aspectes, ED out performs the MCDI. For energy requirements the input energy can be taken from Solar panel powered grids.
So such hybrid systems are potential alternative to resolve water crisis issues, still the scientific communities are trying to reduce the size by engineer aspects.
You can also refer to our groups work on Brackish water desalination via Electrodialysis. In recent work we also validated that applying an optimized potential, the bacterial contaminations in crude ground/brackish water can be reduced by 99%.
Here I am attaching the links of some crucial papers for your kind persual.
1.ED outperforms MCDI
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07482
2. Potential optimization for pathogen removal
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100484
3. Electrodialysis over other desalination techniques
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119034
Attaching one PDF file as well. In introduction you might get some information.
I hope it will help you query
Regards
Dear Dr. Thaer Roomi
I would like you to check our lastly published paper " Hybrid solar desalination systems driven by parabolic trough and parabolic dish CSP technologies: Technology categorization, thermodynamic performance and economical assessment" It has several ideas and techniques for water desalination by solar radiation>
Article Hybrid solar desalination systems driven by parabolic trough...
Dear Thaer Roomi
I think working on a hybrid technique to get the best performance from the systems is preferable. Combining any type of solar collector with a distillation system could enhance the water evaporation process.
regards
Ahmed
Hi Dear Thaer Roomi
If your question is about increasing water production rates and efficiency of solar desalnation, I suggest you read the review article as follow:
-A review of techniques for simultaneous enhancement of evaporation and condensation rates in solar stills
And if your question is economic, environmental and carbon dioxide reduction, I suggest you read the review article as follow:
A comprehensive review of Enviro-Exergo-economic analysis of solar stills
In any case, using solar radiation to produce distilled water reduces turbidity, TDS and Electro conductivity. If the TDS of the distiiled water of solar still is lower than the standard TDS in drinking water, blend some water to increase the TDS.
Best regards
Dear Shahin Shoeibi
Thank you for interesting response. Your suggestions are very good.
Regards
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