I am doing a study on studying the occurrence of neonatal dysphagia as there is a paucity of such tests and studies in the Indian context. Hence I need to develop a protocol for assessment of swallowing in neonates with high risk factors. I need to test the sensitivity and specificity of my assessment protocol with an existing assessment protocol. I need such a reference that can be freely downloadable, accessible and has good utility so that I can use it as a gold-standard and compare my mewly constructed tool with that. Kindly suggest one such test protocol.
some suggestions:
Development of the orohypopharyngeal cavity in normal infants and young children.
Rommel N, Bellon E, Hermans R, Smet M, De Meyer AM, Feenstra L, Dejaeger E, Veereman-Wauters G.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2003 Nov;40(6):606-11
Development of pharyngo-esophageal physiology during swallowing in the preterm infant.
Rommel N, van Wijk M, Boets B, Hebbard G, Haslam R, Davidson G, Omari T.
Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Oct;23(10):e401-8
New scoring system improves inter-rater reliability of the Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale.
da Costa SP, Hübl N, Kaufman N, Bos AF.
Acta Paediatr. 2016 Aug;105(8):e339-44
I am not sure what your methodology is but I jut read article about
Neonatal swallowing assessment using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2018 Apr;53(4):437-442. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23946. Epub 2018 Jan 22
Also (Neonatal swallowing assessment and practical recommendations for oral feeding in a girl with a severe congenital myopathy.)van den Engel-Hoek L1, Erasmus CE, de Swart BJ, Sie LT, de Groot IJ.
The gold standard in the USA for swallowing assessment is VideoFluoroscopic Study of Swallowing (VFSS) (also called Modified Barium Swallow). This instrumental examination can and is used very efficaciously with neonates & infants, and provides much more comprehensive data collection for analysis than fiberoptic endoscopic studies of swallowing.
In this request, it was not clear whether the protocol being prepared refers to a clinical feeding evaluation protocol or an instrumental evaluation. From best-known clinical protocols: NOMAS (Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale) by Braun and Palmer, 1986, reviewed by Case-Smith, Cooper, and Scala (1988), Fujinaga (2002), Neiva (2003), Arvedson (2008).
The Videofluoroscopy Swallowing Study(VFSS) protocols for the child population can be mentioned:
Lefton-Greif MA, McGrattan KE, Carson KA, Pinto JM, Wright JM, Martin-Harris B. First Steps Towards Development of an Instrument for the Reproducible Quantification of Oropharyngeal Swallow Physiology in Bottle-Fed Children. Dysphagia. 2017 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s00455-017-9834-y.
Henderson et al, 2016; Dharmarathna I, Miles A and Allen J. in revision.
Developing a protocol for objective quantitative analysis of swallowing in children: a videofluoroscopy study.
Hernandez AM and Bianchini EMG. Swallowing Analyzes of Neonates and Infants in Breastfeeding and Bottle-feeding: Impact on Videofluoroscopy Swallow Studies. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. 2019 Sep. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1677753.
I also suggest the article by Irene Calvo, Aifric Conway, Filipa Henriques, Margaret Walshe - Diagnostic accuracy of the clinical feeding evaluation in detecting aspiration in children: a systematic review.
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