Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari sir,

selecting of reinforcement depends on

1-type of matrix

2-which properties you want to increase.

3-for nano particle dispersion is very important.

4-matrix reinforcement interface.

Thanks Sir

Dear Sir,

Thank you for your question. First of all, it depends on type of matrix you are using suppose if you are using magnesium matrix then here is the list of nano reinforcement that has been used previously as per the literature survey.

Basically reinforcements are of three types

1. metal reinforcement

2. ceramic reinforcement

3. hybrid reinforcement ( metal +metal, metal +ceramic)

In case of magnesium nano composite reinforcements used are as follows

1. Cu

2. Ti

3. Al2O3

4. TiB2

5. ZrO2

6. Y2O3

7. Sm2O3

8. BN

9. NiTi

10. AlN

11. Y2O3 +Ni

12. ZrO2 + Cu

for aluminium nano composite mostly ceramic reinforcements are used such as

1. SiC

2. B4C

3. TiC

4. SiC+ B4C etc

for more information go through the link and follow Prof. Manoj Gupta

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Saif_Wakeel2/research

feel free to ask any query

regards

saif

Supposing that you mean a resin, synthetic or natural, elastomers, thermoplastics or thermosets, I think that so-called reinforcing fillers would do the job. Nanopartical reinforcing fillers are carbon black (ranging from 10 nm to 500 nm) or silica, other fillers could be considered but noticeably less reinforcing but might be useful in specific cases. Carbon black is usually used as such but silica is mainly used in conjunction with coupling agents like silanes.

Saif Wakeel

Sir, Thank you so much for your comment

Nicolaus Probst

Dear Sir

Thanks so much for this details

If you consider fiber reinforced polymer composites, you can find wide variety of nano-particles as a secondary reinforcement.

Carbon nano-tubes

Layered silicate / Nano-clay

Alumina

Titanium

etc

The reinforcement has to be chosen according to the requirements in terms of mechanical/thermal/electrical properties.

Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari Sir

apart from aforementin point.

1-selection of reinforcement also depend on common solvent available for matrix and nano filler for solution processing.

2-type of matrix polar or non polar.

3-polymer miscibility with filler.

It depends on the material and applications

I agree with the answer of Mr. Saif Wakeel

Dear sir Majid Habeeb Faidh-Allah thank you for compliments Habeeb Faidh-Allah

Thanks Dear Saif Wakeel

Al2O3. Cnt and TiB2 are nano particles generally used.

Composites are of different types. Either it's a metal matrix composites or epoxy based composites ( there two are very common).

For the epoxy based composites montmorillonite Clay's (smectic group) are being used by various groups (15A, closite 30b etc.)

Secondly there was sufficient literature available on the use of carbon nanotubes which are being used by various researchers and are effective reinforcement nano particles.

There are certain nano mettalic powder like (titanium ) are also used.

But reinforcement is completely depends upon the matrix, adhesive u used , orientation and other aspects too.

We used montmorillonite Clay's in our research and it imparts good mechanical properties to the structural applications.

Nanoclay, CNT, Nano Oxides and many more..

In composites, there are different types of nanoparticles , it could be in form of fibres, clays, carbon nanotubes, even oxides. But critical studies of your matrix will give you an idea of a particular nanoparticles that is compatible for your chosen matrix in the composite.

Nano particles whatever may be are used which are having high thermal conductivity in liquids or in solids for reinforcement. I believe any nano particle by mass can be added to composite material to give strength and improvement. There are so many nano particles existing such as aluminium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide and other particles like gold and carbon nano tubes. Depending upon the availability and requirement such nano particles are preferred and used. Now a days, aluminium oxide and carbon nano tubes are used because of their availability and are having equations for property determination.