I need to know the best proportions of graphene oxide to add in the cement mixture and does it affect the thermal properties?
Zainab Basim Abd
Cement is a cheap product and graphene oxide is very expensive. The best economic content is zero(0).
Hi Dr Zainab Basim Abd . I hope the following article could help you: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/276323/
Dear Zainab,
thank you for sharing this interesting technical question with the RG community. There are indeed various studies in the literature which suggest that addition of small amounts of graphene oxide (GO) could have certain positive effects on cement mixtures. In this context please have a look at the following potentially useful article:
Physical Properties of Concrete Containing Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
Article materials Physical Properties of Concrete Containing Graphen...
This paper has been posted by the authors as public full text on RG, so you can freely download it as pdf file. The authors added GO nanosheets in amounts up to 0.08% by weight of cement. However, as indicated by Alan F Rawle, graphene oxide is still a rather expensive material. I have actually no idea if the addition of GO to cement is economically feasible.
Good luck with your work!
Dear Zainab Basim Abd
By using graphene concrete additives, products might be made stronger, have less clinker content, and last longer. This technology might lead to stronger, less permeable concrete buildings, opening the door to a new generation of concrete constructions. Use of a method known as high-shear exfoliation is one approach to create graphene concrete. Technicians can use it to inject graphene into mixing water. Graphene oxide is added with a very small percentage (0.05 wt%).
I suggest you read the following paper.
Qin Wang, Jian Wang, Chun-xiang Lu, Bo-wei Liu, Kun Zhang, Chong-zhi Li, Influence of graphene oxide additions on the microstructure and mechanical strength of cement, New Carbon Materials, Volume 30, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(15)60194-9.
Have a good day. Sofyan
Hi there, an interesting characteristic appeared in thermal stability with the low addition of GO to the cement mixture.
Zainab Basim Abd Let’s look at the economics again because this will dictate whether the use of graphene oxide in cement can ever be feasible. Cement is a ubiquitous material made in various specifications in a highly competitive industry worldwide. In the US a typical cement will be about $130/tonne. If the price is increased to $140 or $150/tonne that manufacturer cannot sell the product in the competitive market. Graphene oxide is about $250/g (e.g. https://tinyurl.com/2ybp8kx6). That is around $250 million/tonne (as there are 1 million grams in a tonne). Even an addition of 1 ppm (part per million) - i.e 1 gram of graphene oxide in 1 tonne of cement - would increase the price of the cement from $130/tonne to $380/tonne and that doesn’t include the increased manufacturing costs of blending in another material. Simply and completely uneconomic. The proportions needed to effect improved properties are greatly in excess of 1 ppm - above @Sofyan Taya suggests 0.05 wt%... Other considerably cheaper materials will be employed well ahead of graphene oxide – a solution looking for an applicable problem. Use soot or carbon black or fumed silica or fly ash…
Sofyan Taya You suggest 0.05 wt%. This is 500 ppm. This would increase the price of cement from an average of $130/tonne to $([500*250] + 130) - that is $125130 per tonne! Completely unfeasible.
@Frank T. Edelmann
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