The alternatives can be

Integrated pest management (IPM): IPM involves the use of a combination of techniques such as crop rotation, biological control, and cultural practices to manage pests and diseases. It aims to minimize the use of pesticides and reduce the risk of resistance.

Biopesticides: Biopesticides are naturally occurring substances or microorganisms that can control pests and diseases. Examples include microbial pesticides, botanical pesticides, and pheromone traps.

Genetic resistance: Crop varieties can be bred for resistance to specific pests and diseases. This reduces the need for pesticides and can be more sustainable in the long run.

Organic farming: Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and relies on natural methods such as crop rotation, composting, and biological pest control.

Biotechnology: Genetic engineering can be used to develop crops with built-in resistance to pests and diseases.

The most common alternative pest control methods include biological control, natural chemical control and genetic control. Alternatives include using animal and green manure rather than chemical fertilizers, integrated pest management instead of chemical pesticides, reduced tillage, crop rotation alternative crops, or diversification of the farm enterprise. Nowadays, using compost as a substitute to chemical fertilizer has become a global consensus. The application of compost could promote soil productivity and improve the crop quantity and quality, as well as increase the income of the farmers. Agricultural lime, or crushed limestone, can be used as an alternative fertilizer. Lime increases the pH of soil, making the soil less acidic, and more soluble for nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus compounds. These nutrients will therefore be more readily available for absorption by plants. But organic fertilizers have advantages. They don't make a crust on the soil as inorganic fertilizers sometimes do. They improve water movement into the soil and, in time, add structure to the soil. Organics feed beneficial microbes, making the soil easier to work. Most common are manures, bone meal, fish meal , vermin compost etc. They are generally slower to release as micro organism in the soil, have to break them down first so the plant can use them. Organic fertilizer supply nutrients for both plant and soil.

Regarding pests, there are many alternatives to pesticides, such as: the use of traps (colored, pheromonal, etc.), the exploitation of natural enemies, the use of microbial biopesticides, the use of trap plants, simple plant extracts ... and others.

Growers want to control pests and diseases to get maximum production and prevent crop loss. Prevention of pests and diseases before any damage is done is most desirable. Four common methods of control of pests and diseases are biological, cultural, chemical, and integrated control. By giving plants the right growing conditions they will be more able to resist pests and diseases. Also, the right choice of crop will help to deter pests and disease. A crop growing in an area where it is not suited is more likely to be attacked. The best ways to protect crop damage are by incorporating integrated pest and insect management. Spraying insecticides, pesticides help to minimize the crop damage by controlling the insects and other pests. In agriculture, pests are kept at bay by mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological means. Ploughing and cultivation of the soil before sowing mitigate the pest burden, and crop rotation helps to reduce the build-up of a certain pest species. Crop rotation is an efficient way of preventing pests from getting used to the types of plants that are being cultivated. The method uses alternating the species of crops that are grown every year. In addition to managing pests, this farming method also increases the fertility of the soil. Agricultural lime, or crushed limestone, can be used as an alternative fertiliser. Lime increases the pH of soil, making the soil less acidic, and more soluble for nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus compounds. These nutrients will therefore be more readily available for absorption by plants. Agricultural practices like crop rotation and the use of resistant crop varieties can reduce the need for pesticides.

I fully agree with my colleagues who gave qualified answers to the question raised. There are now many choices for those who really want to use alternative methods of fighting. It seems to me that the problem is no longer agrarian, but economic, psychological and mental. Because it is much easier to use pesticides than to use alternative methods.