What are the 7 ways to prevent earthquakes in cities and villages and 7 ways to prepare the people of these lands from earthquakes?

A -

7 ways to work:

1- Strengthening buildings against earthquakes. For example, we should not use bricks and straw for the roofs of buildings, and instead use false and light roofs such as Unilite and wood, or reinforced concrete, or ready-made structures, or in the lower part of the structures, use foundations equipped with shock-absorbing pistons and rollers, or strong springs inside natural rubber that act as pistons and prevent strong earthquake impacts like car springs. The more columns in the building are strong, the stronger the shock absorbers and pistons that are movable can be built and implemented under the columns of buildings, as can be seen in Japan, Armenia, America, and Europe.

2- Large bridges in countries that are located along the sea coast are made of large wires that are installed with large pistons along each bridge. They are resilient to severe earthquakes or severe storms and can withstand any kind of impact.

3- Identify faults and identify the geology inside the earth, such as the topography of the area in question, whether in terms of geomorphology and geology, and the geological layers in terms of the lithosphere and asthenosphere layers below the tectonic layer. Identify the seismic strength of the faults in terms of magnetism, jet magnetism, and geophysics. Identify and identify the seismic movement and seismicity and resistance of fault rupture.

4- In reinforced concrete buildings that have round bars, be sure to use lightweight, strong-adhesive cement and concrete, which increases resistance to earthquakes. And in metal structures that use double, wide, and strong irons, special and multi-layer welding must be used, and in the corners and joints between columns and between floors where reinforcing bars are used, fixed and movable beams that are resistant to earthquakes must be used in the corners. Also, if a good foundation with a lot of wire mesh and reinforced concrete is used, they must observe the depth, because according to the latest research, buildings that are like palm trees have roots and have deep and strong roots, and they must observe the principles of statics and the principles of reinforcement and lightness in the upper floors of the building. The possibility of destruction is reduced and the building's resistance to earthquakes is increased.

5- On the coasts of seas and lakes or in foothill areas where the possibility of faults is more likely and the possibility of fault layers in these areas is more likely, or by knowing the fault map of the region, we have already sensed, identified and studied the existence of faults, we can use the fault stitching method to strengthen the tectonic faults of the region; that is, by sinking bent rods that have round rods and digging deep wells of 50 to 100 meters or more, and then placing round rods that have previously been designed as wire mesh networks inside the wells, and then pouring light and strong concrete with fine and coarse sand, completely concreted it and filled it, and doing this in regular numbers and side by side, and continuing to stitch the faults inside the earth, and it is possible to sew the fault for hundreds of kilometers and make it strong and resistant.

6- Before an earthquake, the earth always shows signs of an earthquake, which indicate the occurrence of a strong and violent earthquake, some of which are: 1- The occurrence of mild earthquakes before a strong earthquake, which geologists say that small earthquakes indicate signs of large earthquakes. 2. Wells and aqueducts dry up. For example, before the Bam earthquake in Kerman, wells and aqueducts dried up, which indicated the displacement of the fault plate in the region, or the direction of the fault and the movement of the fault in the region could be identified. 3. In volcanoes, lakes near volcanoes always became sulfurous and toxic due to the presence of sulfur. The lakes also became sulfurous and toxic, and the temperature in the lakes rose, which indicated the flow of magma to the surface of the earth. In lands like Japan, where earthquakes and volcanoes may occur simultaneously, it is possible that with the increase in the temperature of the volcanic lake and its sulfur content and toxicity, volcanoes and earthquakes may occur simultaneously.

7. Identification of the Benioff region in geology; According to Russian geologists, where the oceanic plate meets the continental or land plate, a rift is formed at the point of impact, which creates a depression in the Earth's crust, and the depression of the oceanic plate goes below the continental plate. This depression is thinner than the oceanic layers. For this reason, this area, which is a depression downward and is located near the Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere layers, is closer to the Earth's magma, and the magma can exit more easily. If it comes to the Earth's surface due to cold and pressure, it does not come out and comes to the Earth's surface but cools. This is called volcanic tuff, greenstone, or batholith, which is very resistant in terms of mineral resistance and is usually used for highways and suburban areas near mountainous areas to prevent landslides. And if magma comes out of the earth in the Beniuf region, like the Beniuf region northeast of Tehran province, where the cone-shaped Damavand volcano has emerged from the earth, the Damavand volcanic peak in Iran shows that first of all, Iran was underwater and many parts of it were remnants of the Paleotethys oceanic plate 650 million years ago, and now that you see how much oil and gas Iran has, it was because of this Paleotethys oceanic plate that over time and the fragmented connection of the Iranian plate, which according to Iranian geologists is a subcontinent and has been connected piece by piece, has created the Iranian plateau. This shows that the depth of the Iranian crustal plate is 30 kilometers, but the supercontinents are 60 kilometers, which is 2 times the thickness of the Iranian crustal plate. This shows that the Iranian crustal plate is thinner than the supercontinents, so the seismicity of the Iranian plateau is natural.

7 ways to prevent earthquakes in cities and villages and 7 ways to prepare the people of these lands for earthquakes?

B-

7 ways to prepare the people before an earthquake:

1- Public education of the people and the necessary awareness at the time of an earthquake and to know what to do and not to be anxious.

2- The necessary equipment such as first aid, rescue and medical equipment with them and to know where they are.

3- They should have heating equipment such as blankets and tents, etc. They should definitely have drinking and sanitary water.

4- People should have seen the training before the earthquake, training during the earthquake and training after the earthquake .

5- Crisis rooms in the country should be planned with many facilities and relief and crisis halls, and organizations such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent and Doctors Without Borders and mobile hospitals in the region will be very important.

6- They should teach people not to build buildings in fault areas and if they do, not to build high or multi-storey buildings. Because the larger the buildings and the more floors they have, the more weight and heaviness they will have, so the earthquake will occur sooner, because the rupture and release of energy to Beirut will be faster, and they will play a role in the earlier occurrence of the earthquake. Therefore, the country of Iran, which was the entire ocean and the Paleotethys oceanic plate 650 million years ago and is all shaped by small and large faults, should not use tall buildings of 20 to 30 floors on the fault. Now, in the Chitgar area of ​​Tehran, which is being built on the Masha fault and is located between Tehran and Karaj, and buildings with 20 to 30 floors are being built on the Masha fault, which will cause the most damage to the fault. If this fault were to be active, it would be activated in 20 to 30 years, but with the construction of these huge and large buildings, we will witness earthquakes of over 7 on the Richter scale in these areas in 4 to 5 years, which shows the lack of awareness of building experts or knowingly and unknowingly playing a role in the occurrence of earthquakes.

7- The construction of Sadr Bridge and Milad Tower on the Mahmoudieh Fault shows the ignorance of the engineers of these civil structures and municipalities. By building them on the major faults of Mahmoudieh, Abbas Abad, Hemmat and Televiziyeh and the Parkway intersection, the lack of awareness of these civil engineers in northern Tehran shows that the activity of the Mesha, Hemmat and Volenchak faults is very active. According to the latest information from construction workers, these buildings in northern Tehran, especially those built on the Volenchak stratified fault, are considered the most expensive buildings in Tehran. If the people of this region knew where they bought their houses and how unsafe these places are in terms of earthquakes, they would never have paid so much money and these places are not habitable.

Also, the people of every community should know how far they are from the faults. If the fault map is in a city or village, if they are on the fault line itself, they should know that the vibration of the building is like 2 pendulums, meaning that the destruction takes place on the building itself and falls on itself like the Twin Towers in America. Perhaps the vibration is from the top of the buildings to the bottom, but if they are 100 meters or 200 meters away from the fault line, it will be like a game of dominoes, like a game where columnar logs fall on top of each other. Buildings usually fall diagonally on top of each other due to the Lowe wave, and this is the characteristic of earthquake waves. The buildings must be isolated from the ground, meaning that the columns at the bottom of the building have movable pistons. Or strong steel springs locked inside natural rubber under each column, and like the car bumpers that prevent the impact, a strong shock absorber with a large number should be placed under the buildings and prevent the destruction of the buildings. People should also be taught in which area of ​​their home there is a safe place, for example, inside a closet, between two walls, so that the distance from the glass is maintained, and if the beds are not near windows and glass, they must be protected with 2 thick layers of curtains so that they are safe from broken glass during an earthquake. Or they should be trained not to be in the hallway of the building or in the elevator during an earthquake, because the electricity may go out and they may get stuck in the elevator. Or they should be trained not to be in the stairwell because they use the least materials, so there is a greater possibility of destruction. So if they stay inside the house, for example, in the bathroom or toilet, which have two walls and four corners that are protected by the walls themselves, and also the necessary equipment such as hygiene and medicine, blankets, water, flashlights, or first aid and medicine, plasters and bandages in a special bag should be available at home so that they can quickly provide first aid to the victim in the event of an accident and prevent the death of their loved ones. Therefore, training before, during, and after an earthquake is necessary and mandatory in all circumstances.