You need to define what is moral and what is immoral and what is ethical and what is unethical. Most studies use moral scenarios. It also depends a lot on the specific context that you are interested in.

Well, right now I am interested in any type of immorality/unethicality. That is, I'm interested in measures of immorality or unethicality employed in experimental social psychology, for example. No fine-grained distinctions at this point

I would suggest a measure of moral disengagement or self-serving cognitive distortions.

Thanks! :) Yes, moral disengagement is a good one, I've come across that (specifically, the research by Detert, Klebe Trevino & Sweitzer). Can you give a reference for the self-serving cognitive distortions?

I think they are basically the same concept, which goes back to

Sykes, G., & Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of Neutralization: a Theory of Delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22(6), 664-670.

Some references foor SSCD are:

Barriga, A. Q., Hawkins, M. A., & Camelia, C. R. T. (2008). Specificity of cognitive distortions to antisocial behaviours. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 18(2), 104–116.

Chabrol, H., van Leeuwen, N., Rodgers, R. F., & Gibbs, J. C. (2011). Relations between selfserving cognitive distortions, psychopathic traits, and antisocial behavior in a nonclinical sample of adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 887-892.

Gini, G., & Pozzoli, T. (2013). Measuring self-serving cognitive distortions: A meta-analysis of the psychometric properties of the How I Think Questionnaire (HIT). European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10, 510-517.

.

Nas, C., Brugman, D., & Koops, W. (2008). Measuring self-serving cognitive distortions with the "How I Think" questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 24, 181-189.

Wow, thats brilliant! Thanks a million

Ekaterina,

I confirm that you can find some perspective on unethical behavior in sport in the works of Kavussanu and me (moral disengagement, antisocial and aggressive behavior, etc.)

Why unethical research behavior could result in a revoked doctorate?

What action can be taken in response to a case of misconduct?

"Papers can be retracted and investigations often lead to disciplinary action. We also have the power to revoke doctorates.

In some cases, primarily in the US and South Korea, disciplinary action has moved to the criminal court system, leading to prison sentences. In 2006, Hwang Woo-suk was charged with embezzlement and bioethics law violations following his falsified human cloning claims, which had been published in Science in 2005. Later, an article in Nature set out allegations about ethical misconduct...

Scientific publishers have to set out their requirements and standards very clearly so everyone understands them. Most journals belong to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which has fairly clear guidelines. I think it’s always good to be part of a worldwide approach operating to worldwide standards.

One important role the publisher can play is in information sharing and liaising with the institutions and funding bodies concerned."

https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers-update/story/publishing-ethics/ethics-misconduct-through-the-eyes-of-a-research-integrity-officer

http://publicationethics.org/

Hi,

By contrast this paper may help you:

Ethical Decision-Making Theory: An Integrated Approach

Mark S. Schwartz

Journal of Business Ethics, December 2016, vol 139, issue 4, Pages 755-776

Best regards

Newstrom and Ruch's (1975) Ethics Position Questionnaire is one of the most used instruments to measure unethical behavior/decision making. It has mostly been used in manager and student samples, with an internal consistency exceeding .8 in all studies conducted using this measure.