My opinion of the human management of agriculture is the most important because of its impact on the environment, climate and agriculture

Agricultural land being converted used for residential proposes, roads and big buildings being constructed on agricultural land

The key agricultural problems worldwide are price volatility in agricultural markets, food insecurity, undernourishment, shortage of land and water resources used in agricultural activities.

There are lot of challenges for agriculture sector such as less availability of water, excess use of pesticides and fertilizer, use of traditional agricultural practices, soil infertility, less privileges for farmers, Low market rates of crops,

Should focus on agriculture mechanization, irrigation by drip, sprinkle and new irrigation methods

Use of treated wastewater is need of the hour. It will reduce the pressure on surface and groundwater resources.

Thank you Mubashir Ali Rather Isam Alkhalifawi Aijaz Panhwar Sirs for your valuable contributions. Yes, sir - Declining Agricultural land availability, Price fluctuations in the selling of agricultural produce, Farm Mechanization, and Water management are some challenges in agriculture

irrigation of crops comprises 70% of global water use, and agriculture directly contributes to around 11% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (mostly through cattle). Expanding agricultural land can also lead to deforestation, additional GHG emissions, and a loss of biodiversity.

You have mentioned it very well as drought periods, Pest and Disease attacks, Shortage of Labor in addition Over-population, industrialisation, Soil Pollutions, water shortage, poor irrigation etc

In general, the natural calamities like flood, cyclone, drought etc. are the main constraints and challenges in agriculture. Besides, lack of irrigation water, attack of insects-diseases pests, lack of mechanization and shortage agricultural land due to overpopulation and other enemies for agriculture. During the pandemic covid-19, new challenges in agriculture are arisen, shortage of labour, constraints in supplying of agricultural commodities, farmers are depriving of getting proper price etc.

Raghavendra Reddy Manda, sharing herewith a paper that I had worked relating to the question under discussion. The paper makes a critical review of the major challenges facing Asian Agriculture. To give a summary: "Green revolution technologies and a vigorous smallholder sector have seen Asian agriculture make giant strides in the last five decades. But agricultural transition has not been uniform across Asia and the future of smallholder agriculture faces several challenges arising from a range of socio-economic, demographic, structural and institutional factors that could adversely affect its sustainability. This paper critically reviews the divergent experiences of agricultural transformation in five Asian countries – Bangladesh, India, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam – from a comparative perspective and points to the need for evolving new perspectives and policies towards sustainable and non-disruptive transformation of smallholder agriculture in Asia. The link to the paper is: https://www.epw.in/journal/2012/04/review-rural-affairs-review-issues-specials/agrarian-transition-and-emerging

I will add just add a few broad strokes here.

1) decrease in pollinator populations across the globe due to habitat fragmentation, conventional/harmful pesticide use/application. Hive Collapse "As I tell my student "without Bees, there are no Seeds".

2) The fights/controversy/understandings still between conventional and organic operations.

3) Reduction and extirpation of farmlands in urbanize areas being dismissed by local governance to be leverage mostly by housing/residential developers to increase the "carrying capacity" of a metropolis without providing the suitable green infrastructure to secure local food sovereignty and prevent food desertification.

4) The stifling effort for the many in the current or emerging generation to take on agricultural/farming professions and seek their families TAK (traditional agricultural knowledge) is many 3rd generations farming families either do not have the children to pass the farm to or have pushed their kids to "be better than".

...

I think there numerous amazing individuals out there innovating, researching, educating, and advocating for the "same thing" for example to "end world hunger. But on a global level, we do it as islands which is excellent, I strongly encourage and support small unit leadership and grassroots efforts.

But we need to come together find common grounds and build bridges to share resources and work together. A national organization I have served with (MANRRS) Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources, Related Sciences our local Chapter at FIU is looking to speak with local Consulate Generals to begin to build international outreach and find this connection to inform and set tangible priorities on a student to student peer to peer bases.

I hope this helps. I do not like providing challenges without offering some potential for hope.

Climate change is the biggest challenge to world agriculture.

Raghavendra Reddy Manda

A bout me, this question is very global, can you specify the regions please. For more information, the challenge of this sector in tropical region are: the management of the soil fertility; the seeds qualities; the seasons perturbations; the instability of the price of the agricole product, the non subvention of producers...

While many internal as well as external factors affecting the future global agriculture sector as shared by the researchers in this discussion, I consider the most challenging problems are related to: (a) global climate change and the associated threats (leading to a wider promotion of climate resilient / climate smart agricultural practices) ; (b) the uncertainties caused by the pandemic Covid-19 that we are currently experiencing; and (c) the dramatic changes happening in the global trade front in the terms of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. These challenges are also attracting researchers' attention to undertake research on the impacts that these are causing on the economies across regions in the world; the changes in the policy environments; the emergence of new technological and institutional paradigms that try to address these challenges, their effectiveness, etc. Iam sharing a link to a recent paper of mine that presents a review of several studies on the emerging global patterns in climate resilient agriculture, with a focus on Indian agriculture. Please read the paper at: Article Global Patterns of Climate-resilient Agriculture: A Review o...

https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/challenges-in-the-agriculture-sector-and-their-impact-.html

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2013.00289/full

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6583e.pdf

Climate change

Respected sir Maged Gumaan Bin-Saad , Thank you for participating in this discussion. Yes, sir, agriculture contributes to global GHG emissions but the produce (Food) is very important for our sustaining and wellbeing. By following the Integrated crop management practices the GHG emissions can be reduced to some extent.

Sir, there is no need for expanding the agricultural land by deforestation, rather the agricultural land should be conserved. Due to industrialization and globalization, the agricultural land is declining day by day.

Sir, Now the farmers are gradually marching towards the micro-irrigation technology, this can reduce the amount of water used for agriculture to the greater extent.

Thank you.

Thank you Sir Zahid Fazal , Sir Md. Abul Kalam Azad for participating in the discussion.

Yes, sir, these are some major challenges in agriculture, and rightly said by you that COVID - 19 has made these challenges even more complex.

Thank you.

Thank you, Sir Viswanathan P K for sharing your work related to this discussion and Muhammad Adnan for your contribution Yes we should focus on GM crops having the potential to produce more yield under harsh conditions and Sir Anwar A. Abdulla and Bruce Robin Nyamweha for participating and contributing in this discussion

Thank you David Riera for your detailed contribution, rightly mentioned by you regarding the pollinators especially honey bees that their population is declining.

Thank you Juliet Angom

Thank you Alain Katayi for your contribution, I wish to know the major challenges in the agriculture sector globally but the specification of problems of your region might bring in some new challenges (if present).

Thank you

Viability of Smallholder Farming.

Mr Emmanuel V Murray, it is true that viability of smallholder farming is one of the biggest challenges facing global agriculture. The smallholder viability issue is a major challenge for a major chunk (almost 90-92%) of the farmers located in Asia, Africa, and Latin American countries, who are also the largest providers to the global population. So, protecting these farmers through appropriate policies and action programmes should be the top priority at a global scale, because, protecting this segment of the farmers amounts to saving the entire world from a potential threat of food and nutritional insecurities. The increasing crises emanating from climate change induced factors as well as increasing market (price) risks are making the smallholder sector more vulnerable across the world in the emerging context.

Dear Raghavendra Reddy Manda, please have a look at the link below:

Article Global Challenges: Food, Agriculture and Nutrition

Book Global development of organic agriculture: Challenges and prospects

Article Global challenges in agriculture and the World Bank's respon...

After the pandemic, apart from what was always needed in agriculture, we will surely need the reactivation of agricultural markets, support strongly family producers, supply inputs, etc.

Juan Carlos Torrico could not agree with you more. Reviving agricultural markets and continuing to show strong local support for #minorityowned #womenowned #veteranowned is a huge strive to retuning and enhancing global markets in terms of Agricultural goods. As Emmanuel V Murray said, Smallholder Farming or what we call small farms 10 to 5 acres are the future stronghold of food security especially in urbanized and metropolitan places to fortify local economies and provide local food security.

Viswanathan P K I agree as well, with global climate change, something that many have echoed, I think Pollinators are the proverbial Canaries in the mines as indicator species both Honey Bees and Native Bees and Butterflies are decreasing. But is we can establish stronger anchors to the viability of the smallholding farms I think that in the same way that urban sprawl has fragmented habitats, we can undo some of the harm by fragmenting urban landscapes and reclaim industrial areas by incorporating green and productive spaces potential disrupting heat island effect and creating microclimates. Chicago the US has a lot of success stories that come to mind. I would and actively participate in my community to create strongholds and corridors between schools and neighborhoods to act as agricultural and environmental spaces of floral diversity and hopefully pollinator diversity.

I guess instead of throwing a large stone into the lake, I am always throwing multiple smaller stones all over the lake to ripple these small changes and hopefully raise the awareness of the community I serve and educate the incoming generations.

This is a really great discussion thread, Thank you for posting Raghavendra Reddy Manda

Thank you Harasit Kumar Paul Sir, Juan Carlos Torrico Sir, and David Riera for your active participation in this discussion

The world agriculture has been in great challenge of various factors which are more or less global; climate change can be mentined in general. For example the production and productivity is becoming seriously depenedent on artificial fertilizers and this leads to loss of soil health and need treatment, price of the fertilizers is increasing may not be affordable by smallholder farmers, basic resources for agriculture such as arable land, water, etc are geting more and more scarce as the population in the world keep increasing. Urbanization also another challenge for agriculture as it pushes the farmers from their land. Many things can be raised on this issue.

Thank you!

https://www.oecd.org/agriculture/key-challenges-agriculture-how-solve/

In my humble opinion, the most imporatant factors about the proposed question are as follows:

1.Climate change, 2. water resources scarcity, 3. pesticides and chemical fertilizers, 4. political tensions throughout the globe and ultimately changing the lifestyles of the people of the world.

Less attention

Less mechanization

Lack of quality seeds

Climate change

Affected by biotic and abiotic stresses

Less profitability

Especially in India dryland government policies less attention ...

trade off between production and natural ecosystem conservation. soil degradation and land use change due to more crop production. lake of education for decision making in rural areas which result in unsustainable agriculture. balance between different SDG goals. Invasive pathogens. Also climate change that is very important factor.

Also you can check FAO publications in this regard.

There are so many challenges facing agriculture today depending on the part of the world one resides. These may include low soil fertility, high cost of inputs, climate change, unfavourable policies, poor government leadership, unorganized marketing, lack of mechanization, poor agronomic practices, pests and diseases.

In Switzerland, the farmers who have to pay a rent at the place they live are struggling to make a decent annual income, those who own the place have a way better income. Other issues are the expansion of the concrete jungle, the pression of the EU/International market because of the cost of production in here, the diminution of homologate phytos. without a real political transition to a renewable agriculture. The farmer's wife income is still sometimes a problem in exploitations where she multitask as secretary, accountant, HR, housewife, etc. some don't have a proper income.

I think, the main challenge is climate change in agriculture globally.

My perception crop production & marketing of major food grains. Many farmers felt that agriculture is non profitable occupation and it leads farmers move out of agriculture.

I think, climate change is the main challenge along with some Natural hazards in Agriculture Globally

Besides the Climate change, the another important challenge is farm labour scarcity

Most of the agricultural issues globally could be addressed through applied technologies but based on lack of knowledge capitalization labor etc they are not necessarily being applied. It seems this could be opportunities for policy to improve our incentives education and applications.

Different challenges of Agriculture in global level ; first and foremost to feed the growing population, secondly to protect the environment from harzadous effect of using chemical fertilizers and most importantly to recognise the problems of farmers and to address it gracefully.

Climate change, sustainability of natural resources along with ecology and environmental issues, infrastructure availability, accessibility and affordability to farmers, policies and programmes support by state governments and world organizations, like FAO, International research consortia groups for various crops and commodities, their coordination and cooperation etc. for inclusive growth of world agriculture are among major challenges.

Climate change, food security, depletion of natural resources are the major challenge for global agriculture. Moreover, proper awareness about the government policies among the farmers is also important

1. climate change (scarcity, flood, high temperature, heat waves)

2. soil infertility due to over use

3. plant diseases

4. land use/ land cover changes

5. reducing human (farmers) interest for cultivation due to deficiency of agriculture labor and economy loss because of uncertainty

Agriculture in my country is beset with many challenges such as minimal government support, aging farmers, shrinking arable lands due to land-use conversion, unsustainable production practices, and typhoons' frequent occurrence.

My opinion of the human management of agriculture is the most important because of its impact on the environment, climate and agriculture

Yeah there are so many serious problem we are facing big issue is exposure to invasive alien species ,climate change,shrinkage of agricultural land both qualitatively( due so many factors over exploitation,pollution ,chemical uses) and quantitatively due to its alternative use.

One of the biggest challenge is no due importance given by policy makers and administrators for its inclusive growth even in developing and under developed nations with agrarian societies.

Climate change is the main hurdle for global agriculture

I am fully agree with Pratibha Rawat, what I have mentioned previously. Thank you Pratibha Rawat, for your nice contribution.

Along with changing climate scenario, the most essential and crucial aspect of sustainability of agriculture i.e. pragmatic farming situation based participatory research and extension is not followed up to the desired extent by most of the developing and under developed nations.

• Cope with climate change, soil erosion and biodiversity loss
• Satisfy consumers’ changing tastes and expectations
• Meet rising demand for more food of higher quality
• Invest in farm productivity
• Adopt and learn new technologies
• Stay resilient against global economic factors
• Inspire young people to stay in rural areas and become future farmers

Thank to to raise this important issues!!

The first and the most challenge is lack of attention by the government and policy makers for agriculture for food & feed!! The second challenge is climate variability which creates erratic rainfall, disease and pest occurrence, drought & stress, flooding and sometimes wildfire. The third challenge is the shortage of improved and innovative technologies.

The first and the most challenge is ignorance towards Agriculture by the government machinery. The second challenge is global warming and variability in climates due to uneven distribution of rainfall and other abiotic factors which causes decline in Agricultural production. The third challenge is unfavourable marketing strucyure.

There are lots of challenges, I agree with the point by Satyavir S Chaudhary. Agriculture can be the backbone of the economy in more of the developing countries including Ethiopia. However, the attention given not as expected one because of that its effectiveness in supporting the national economy decreases, or not as high as expected. Therefore, negelegence or less attention given can be mentioned there are lots to be mentioned. Less updated agricultural technology, emerging issues, unstable peace at different parts of the country, low capacity of farmers to afford purchasing agricultural inputs, etc.

You can look here https://www.oecd.org/agriculture/key-challenges-agriculture-how-solve/#:~:text=These%20three%20challenges%20%E2%80%93%20feeding%20a,progress%20in%20any%20of%20them.

I think that soil and water degradation are main agricultural field challenges anywhere

Rapid population growth, particularly in developing countries, changing climate, the incidence of new kinds of pests and diseases and changing lifestyle and food taste are some of the major challenges of global agriculture.

Due to the progressive climate change, the global warming process, the growing scale of environmental pollution, and the growing interest of people in a healthy lifestyle, including healthy eating, in some parts of the world, the importance and scale of agriculture conducted in accordance with the formula and principles of sustainable organic farming has been growing in recent years.

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Corporatization(transfer of lands from farmers to Industrialists and big business houses) Marketization of products(end of social consumption and beginning of rapid profit making by selling in the markets) and Displacement of the large population.

In my opinion, an increase in world population is a big challenge in agriculture as every crop has certain yield potential. Climate change is another big issue in agriculture, crops will be vulnerable in different stress conditions.