It is a very useful tool for ecological analyses, especially ecological niche comparisons and niche breadth, among other things.
The Outlying Mean Index (OMI) is a multivariate method to separate species niches and to measure the distance between the mean habitat conditions used by each species and the mean habitat conditions of the study area
The Outlying Mean Index makes a priori no assumption about the shape of species response curves to the environment. Its result depicts the mean position of the species in the environmental space (along each of the OMI-generated environmental axes), representing a measure of the distance between the mean habitat conditions used by the species and the mean habitat conditions of the study area.
The following are important papers you can look for the concepts:
Theory and origin: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/201997170_Niche_separation_in_community_analysis_a_new_method
Exampled and explained application:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259926536_Assessing_species_and_community_functional_responses_to_environmental_gradients_which_multivariate_methods_J_Veg_Sci Authors of this last paper added a very useful Tutorial with OMI in Appendix S2 and even R scripts in its supplementary information: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01402.x/suppinfo
Other application useful to read: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230574409_Evidence_of_environmental_differentiation_in_the_striped_mouse_%28iRhabdomysi_sp.%29__inference_from_its_current_distribution_in_Southern_Africa
Regards,
Diego
Article Niche separation in community analysis: a new method
Article Assessing species and community functional responses to envi...
Article Evidence of environmental differentiation in the striped mou...