Dear Manpreet Kaur

Several virological and immunological assays are used for the characterization of a virus and the immune response induced

Pls. find the attached files, may help in your research, good luck

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/vet_biologics/publications/308.pdf

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/av/2015/616898/

http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=27982&Itemid=270

http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/publications/WHO_TRS_924_A4.pdf

http://www.jimmunol.org/content/172/9/5598.full.pdf

http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/jgv/91/6/1450.pdf?expires=1472586200&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=D3F629BE20849952BBDB4571322B6F4B

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.585.3863&rep=rep1&type=pdf

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irv.12150/pdf

http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/180/3/579.full

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782010001100013

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682205001418

http://jcm.asm.org/content/48/3/928.full

http://www.nature.com/icb/journal/v78/n2/full/icb200021a.html

http://www.biondvax.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/19-efficacy-of-anti-influenza.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC393254/pdf/pnas00023-0341.pdf

http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/180/3/579.short

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3697442/

https://www.miltenyibiotec.com/~/media/Files/Navigation/Sample%20preparation/Customer%20protocols/Isolation%20of%20Influenza%20A%20from%20mouse%20lung.ashx

http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0004167 https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-8-251

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter_Liljestroem/publication/11397352_Palmowski_M._J._et_al._Competition_between_CTL_narrows_the_immune_response_induced_by_prime-boost_vaccination_protocols._J._Immunol._168_4391-4398/links/0046351d13ce007de0000000.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr4201.pdf

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020599.htm

http://jvi.asm.org/content/78/18/9624.full

Regards

Prof. Houda Kawas

Article Competition Between CTL Narrows the Immune Response Induced ...

Dear Houda and Manpreet - thanks for your interesting discussion on virus inactivation for mouse studies, and for your interest in our 2000 ICB article on oral influenza vaccination.

Using different doses of gamma-irradition (13 - 30 kGy) to inactivate A/Qld influenza was fascinating in terms of the subsequent post-challenge antibody response (presumably related to partial of full virus inactivation prior to oral vaccination). We described this also in an earlier Vaccine publication  (Lidbury B.A., et al. (1997). Erythrocytes enhance the immunogenicity of oral vaccination with gamma irradiated influenza virus: increasing the dose of irradiation results in a significant diminution of lung IgA response. Vaccine 15:1529-1537), which provides additional insights on the vaccine preparation.

Best wishes, Brett Lidbury.

Dear Brett

you most welcome,

 Best regards

Houda

Try  Beta propiolactone to 1/4000 . If you are working with small amounts , increase the inactivating dose. It is useful in such cases to dilute the GLP in sterile distilled water. Allow the mixture gently stirred for 2 hours at laboratory temperature and then overnight at 4 ° C . Intraperitoneally immunization of mice with recall 7 days after can give you satisfactory, I hope.

 Good continiation

We have been using a hydrogen peroxide based platform. See Ammanna, Raue & Slifka Nat Med 2012, Walker, Raue & Slifka JV 2012, Pinto et al. JV 2013. Beta propiolactone & Formaldehyde are the traditional methods, but we have found that these while efficacious have 'problems'. The most significant one being the 'trailing' in the kinetics of inactivation when using formaldehyde necessitating long inactivation times and/or elevated temperatures, and the (potential) epitope damage when using either chemical.