MCE's customers have verified in related studies that human insulin (Cat.No.: HY-P0035) is a key factor in inducing 3T3-L1 cells to differentiate into adipocytes, and promotes lipid droplet formation and differentiation marker expression by activating PPARγ and other pathways.

(PubMed ID: 38115136, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38115136/).

• In this study (PubMed ID: 38115136):

3T3-L1 cells were first induced to undergo initial differentiation:

1 μM Dexamethasone (HY-14648), 0.5 mM IBMX (HY-12318), and 2 μM Rosiglitazone (HY-17386) were co-treated for 2 days;

Human insulin was then used to maintain differentiation:

Replace culture medium with 10 μg/mL insulin and cultured for 48 hours.

• Results:

3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiated into mature adipocytes, showing a large accumulation of lipid droplets (Oil Red O positive staining), and the cell morphology became round.

The expression of adipocyte-specific genes (such as C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and adiponectin) was significantly upregulated.

• It is worth noting that insulin-induced differentiated cells have the potential for dedifferentiation.

The above study also found that after hypertonic treatment, fat droplets disappeared in adipocytes induced by insulin, and the cell morphology changed to spindle shape (increased aspect ratio), and they could redifferentiate into osteoblasts (Runx2 and ALP expression) and chondrocytes (Smad3 and Col2a1 expression).

The answer to this question comes from MCE Technical Support.

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