I am doing the research for water treatment regrading photocatalysis process.
In the comparison of blank (wastewater) samples with treated water samples, the following observations were made: 1) The total hardness (TH) values remained largely unchanged in the treated water. 2) In contrast, there were substantial (almost better) reductions in total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the treated water samples compared to the wastewater
I believe this may be due to the size of the particles involved. TSS and TDS parameters evaluate solids larger than ions, so the photocatalytic treatment might not be affecting the ions in solution, which are responsible for total hardness. To verify this, I think it would be useful to check if the conductivity was affected, as conductivity relates to the ionic content of the water.
Total hardness (TH) remains relatively unchanged during water treatment because it is primarily caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions, which are not typically removed by conventional treatment methods like filtration or sedimentation. These processes focus more on removing physical impurities rather than dissolved minerals responsible for hardness.
On the other hand, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) decrease during treatment. TSS, consisting of particles that can be physically removed, is reduced by filtration and sedimentation processes. TDS, which includes dissolved substances such as salts and organic matter, can be lowered through methods like reverse osmosis or ion exchange, which are designed to target dissolved impurities. However, unless specific water softening techniques are applied, calcium and magnesium ions contributing to hardness are not significantly affected.
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