ALL DATA IN ☣ Technical Report The hyper cluster COVID19 (SARS-CoV/2: Betacoronavirus: Sarb...
Technical Report 2019nCoV or SARS-CoV/2 Coronavirus {Riboviria Nidovirales Co...
The epidemic/diffusion of the novel Coronavirus in N. Italy, Lombardia of COVID19 【2019nCoV / #SARSCoV2 】 shows a death or fatality rate NOT compatible with the original COVID19 but comparable with SARS/MERS.
🔴 WHY this local evolution in Lombardia??🔴 WHY Lombardia is the worst country for mortality data (% vs. ppm)??
|-1-| COVID19 Lombardia shows a radical mutations of its virulence and/or endo-cellular biology traits (2-3X & more aggressive than original COVID19 sensu Wuhan-Hubei).
|-2-| Associated to COVID19, in Lombardia there is a second pathogens or infectious agent, with 2-3X increase (or more) of disease effects, as follows (see ▸2020 Aprile 27▸ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339781431 ):
-- a second "respiratory" Coronavirus from Middle East MERS-like / SARS-like;
-- a Human Cold CoV as HCoV-OC43 (receptor: NANA), HCoV-HKU1 (receptor: NANA), HCoV-229E (receptor: APN); HCoV-NL63 (receptor: ACE/2);
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/ResGa-FxFac-post_fig95_339781431
-- infectious agent from domestic animals-pets as also bacteria multi-resistant (see:▸2020 Aprile 18▸; ▸2020 Marzo 31 & 21 & 15 & 13B & 11A▸ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339781431 ).
|-3-| Local population of animals (cats, dogs, cows, pigs, rats, mice, Myocastor, rabbits, pigeon, chicken,... (see:▸2020 Aprile 18▸; ▸2020 Marzo 31 & 21 & 15 & 13B & 11A▸ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339781431 ).
|-4-| In hospitals (medical & paramedical staff; machines; CAT-RX room & machines; other rooms; intensive care structure; wc rooms;...) there is a viral particle concentrations to much high associated to oro-fecal particles (intestinal tropism of SARS-CoV viruses) {see▸2020 Aprile 09 & 02▸; ▸2020 Marzo 31 & 21 & 15 & 13B & 09▸ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339781431 }.
|-5-| Deaths, patients, infected-positive counts is not harmonized with others countries.
The presence of the Po river basin could represent an indirect multiplier or circular link, of the viral population (a key river is also present in: Wuhan; Daegu; France Grand Est & Ile De France; Belgium-Netherlands; London;...)
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/ResGa-FxFac-post_fig52_339781431
{see**▸2020 Marzo 31 & 21 & 15 & 13B & 11A▸}.
The circular link hypothesis is described in (**▸2020 JULY 18▸) and played as follows: river + oro-fecal contagion + farming animals (cows; pigs;..) + naturalized or farmed mink & co...
** https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339781431
The iper cluster start (according to total fly-travel stop from China of 31/Jan./2020 by Italian Government)...
.. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/ResGa-FxFac-post_fig50_339781431
shows a possible contagion by Italian passengers returned from Wuhan & Diamond Princess Cruise in February.
The hypothesis is: ?? these passengers were negative to nasal-oral-throat test, but are positive to virus particle inside their intestine-feces?? {see: ▸2020 Aprile 09 & 02 & 01▸; ▸2020 Marzo 31▸ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339781431 }
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/ResGa-FxFac-post_fig51_339781431
THE NOVEL CORONAVIRUS SHOWS A FATALITY RATE COMPATIBLE WITH SARS. WHY?
In this novel disease outbreak, scientists are currently working nonstop very hard on finding the development of novel agents and identification of biomarkers. In this sense, we can find good papers in this field of research that may be of some help relating to this tricky issue. In that regard, for example, Hemida et al. (2013) do summarize and foreground key findings, underpinned by great value-laden theoretical, empirical, statistical, and socially significant findings in the context of Medicine, as they point out:
“In a seroepidemiological study of domestic livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, chicken) and dromedary camels from Saudi Arabia, we find that only dromedary camels have evidence of seropositivity to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), suggesting an infection with a MERS-CoV-like virus. infection or whether they are being infected by a ubiquitous novel coronavirus closely related to MERS-CoV. As illustrated with SARS a decade ago and avian influenza A(H7N9) recently, identification of the animal source and the setting within which zoonotic transmission occurs can provide options for reducing repeated zoonotic transmissions and enhancing global public health. Finally, given the high titres of neutralizing antibody to MERS CoV commonly seen in dromedary camels, serum from these animals may provide an option for passive immunotherapy of patients with MERS, from whom no specific antiviral therapy currently exists.”
In line with the above, Hocke et al. (2013) undertake highly focused research on coronavirus disease. They bring out that MERS-CoV continues to cause lethal lower respiratory tract disease, raising urgent fundamental questions as to its cellular tropism and receptor usage in alveolar lung tissue, as well as to its pathogenic mechanism(s). As stated by these authors, then, in the absence of autopsy data from human victims, they succeed in modeling MERS-CoV propagation in human lung tissue and demonstrate an almost pantropic infection, as well as ubiquitous DPP4 receptor expression in bronchiole, alveoli, or vessels. Thus, Hocke et al. (2013) emphasize that antiviral approaches that block DPP4 usage are expected to reduce virus propagation in the distal parts of the respiratory tract.
Bibliographical references
- Hemida, M. G., Perera, R. A., Wang, P., Alhammadi, M. A., Siu, L. Y., Li, M., ... & Peiris, M. (2013). Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013. Eurosurveillance, 18(50), 20659. Available at: (https://www.eurosurveillance.org/docserver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/18/50/art20659-en.pdf?expires=1584194901&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=9B0F1FC5EDD0108DAD8906D463DA9B49)
- Hocke, A. C., Becher, A., Knepper, J., Peter, A., Holland, G., Tönnies, M., ... & Wendtner, C. M. (2013). Emerging human middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes widespread infection and alveolar damage in human lungs. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 188(7), 882-886. Available at: (https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/rccm.201305-0954LE)