The new guidelines for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis considered the extension of anti-thyroid medication for more than 18 months as an option that should be discussed with the patient.
Current evidences suggest that high relapse rate and not so rare fatal side effects seen with ATD therapy compel one to consider other definite modes of treatment like radiotherapy and surgery for toxic Graves’ disease after discussing this with the patient.
The practice of treating hyperthyroidism favor oral medication for autoimmune disorders in Europe and radioactive iodine in the United States of America. For the nodular hyperthyroidism although controversial it is said that the toxic nodule (s) will take the radioactive iodine and the remaining thyroid tissue will be preserved reducing post-treatment hypothyroidism. The patient opinion is considered all times unless otherwise the treatment is contraindicated. The recent guidelines put the longer duration ( beyond 18 months) of anti-thyroid medication as an option that could be discussed with the patient.
ATD treatment is limited by its high recurrence rate, which varies widely between patients depending on many factors such as clinical features , patient age, and genetic variables, in addition to serious side effects that may be intolerable by patient, make us thinking about other treatment modalities including radiotherapy and thyroidectomy by highly expert surgeon.