Attached is a .pdf that explores the idea that people use their time to meet their wants and needs, but there are obstructions that prevent some people from meeting some of their needs effectively. Measuring that 'effectiveness' is required to be able to find optimal designs for the 'Actualized Quality of Life' rather than just the 'Potential Quality of Life'.
In all cases, it is the community as a whole that defines what it's 'needs' are, and the role of the engineer would be to compare the predicted performance of the alternative designs against those needs. If the community is very spartan in their definition of needs, then it would be fairly simple to demonstrate that the needs can be met within the resources available to the community, and that most people meet most of those needs quite effectively. And not, if the community is expansive in their definition.
I don't know if I have over-simplified the problem, and therefore the solution. Any insight that the academic community can provide is greatly appreciated.