This question has too many answers to be suitable for discussion in a format such as this. It is a bit like asking what controls the direction of the wind.

Thanks for your information, Could you suggest for me a name of reference book that contains some details?

thanks in advance

You may find that you can narrow your question down by reading the literature. One place to start might be OMP's book, with URL below. Even if you don't find what you want, it is a wonderful book, and references contained therein can be starting points for a literature search, using a citation search (use official tools such as "web of science", or unofficial ones such as "google scholar", but not researchgate, which is a very weak tool).

(http://books.google.ca/books/about/The_Dynamics_of_the_Upper_Ocean.html?id=fYk6AAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y)

thank you very much for the ebook. Thanks for your help

A good starting point to understand the SST mechanisms could be the mixed layer heat budget analysis. It can be influenced by the surface hear flux, including the solar radiation (long wave and short wave) and turbulent heat flux (latent heat and sensible heat), plus the dynamical contribution, including the zonal advection and vertical mixing (from entrainment and upwelling).

It is not so necessary that SST is influenced by thermocline. Only in the upwelling region, where upwelling can bring the subsurface signal to the surface, or in the very shallow thermocline region, where the subsurface temperature is easily influenced by the thermocline variations, the SST-thermocline coupling is significant.

Thank you very much, That is a very good summary, so three main ways affecting on the SST. I was wondering about the role of oceanic waves like kelvin and rossby waves, one hear about those a lot when studying oscillation like EL Nino.