In an area of continental set-up, the enrichment of sodium in groundwater occurs from the dissolution of silicate minerals and/or cation exchange.
Can domestic waste water be a source of sodium in groundwater?
In many rural areas, the excess chloride in groundwater is found to be from the domestic waste water due to the improper sanitary systems.
Domestic Wastewater and the Sodium Factor
by Robert A. Patterson
ABSTRACT:
Alternative wastewater treatment systems combat many on-site disposal
problems, but no incentives are given to householders to improve the domestic wastewater quality before treatment or disposal. While governments address phosphorus reduction programs, the effect of sodium in wastewater is ignored. Many laundry detergents use sodium salts as fillers, adding significant sodium to the wastewater. This paper addresses the sources of sodium in household products and examines the impact of sodium rich wastewater on various soil profiles. A loss of soil hydraulic conductivity results from the use of sodic wastewater in disposal fields. Simply by changing laundry products, a reduction of
up to 38% of the current sodium concentrations in domestic wastewater can be achieved at no cost to the consumer with no negative impact on household operations. Many environmental benefits accrue, including increased efficiency of on-site disposal.
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http://www.lanfaxlabs.com.au/papers/P29-USA.pdf
There are many Na sources, including e.g. deposition of sea salt in rain
Dr. Mohannad Husain Al-Sherrawi - The paper you provided is highly informative and educative. Thanks
hello
All groundwater contains some sodium because most rocks and soils contain sodium compounds from which sodium is easily dissolved. The most common sources of elevated sodium levels in groundwater are: Erosion of salt deposits and sodium bearing rock minerals. Naturally occurring brackish water of some aquifers.
from this link
www.rdn.bc.ca/cms/wpattachments/wpID2284atID3807.pdf
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