I would like to add: The advantage of a full public educational system is that the state works also as reliable instance of controlling the quality of the teachers and teacher training, the quality of equipment of schools and conditions of learning, wheras the private market has much "grey zones" of insufficient conditions.

i wish in my country only allow public school or provide equility of education. but in my country the situation is worst. private school are more competent and have feasilities and modern teaching methods while in private school still we have difference of status ...

Thank you very much, Tahir Iqbal, for your answer. Indeed, the democratic idea needs a powerful state and laws with effective control of compliance, this has in many countries only a weak tradition, apart from the formerly socialistic states with Soviet Union as model (on the other hand: there were many constrains and individual freedom didn't exist). But in well administrated countries - so in Scandinavia - the idea is realizable. The democratic idea of equality has narrow limits - particulaly in states where the reach class dominates the poor people. It is clear that the state only warrants a minimum or, in the best case, the average level of education, and often reality of education and the situation of teachers are worse in practice than the public system claims in theory. Of course, the upper class has much less interest in equality and the idea "one school for all children of the country" respectively considering their own children.

I do not think that will work. If there is no private schooling & the public schools don't work, the better-off will even send their children abroad for education, defeating this idea. The thrust should be on having the best quality of education in Public Schools.

thank you very much for your statement, Emmanuel Vijayanand Murray, perhaps I have provoked a misunderstanding unwillingly. What minimum or average standards means that we should discuss. In German elementary school system until 1918 (Empire) the minimum standard of the elementary system of public education (which was separated from higher secondary system) was, that all students learned the three Rs, so that in Germany illiteracy hardly existed in that time, because compulsary education was severely controlled by the authorities. Illerate people came sometimes from abroad as immigrants. But illiteracy as normality for some poor groups was as good as unknown; in the US you have today ca. 15-20 % illiterate people (not less a century earlier).

Today the German public and private school system produces about 40 % (of all German children of the same year of birth) students with A-level leaving examinations (qualified for university studies). But you have to add that amount of young people with gains this graduation with occupational training, so that the amount of beginners at universities is approx. over 50 %. Within the EU is this not the highest position in the ranking. There exists in Germany approx. 3500 private schools. They are not only "elite" schools, but also, and perhaps more, schools for flawed achievements, bad marks and problems of behavior in the public schools.

The wage for teachers in German public schools is on a relatively high level, in comparison with most private schools and the public school teachers of other countries. However to be a good today teacher is rather challenging.

It's a misconception to think that a democracy wants equality of education. It's the totalitarian state which imposes uniformity not just in education but in everything else.

Thank you for your answer, Nazir Ali, your critical comment is highly welcome. Indeed we have to discuss the question what means democracy in the modern sense, apart from the ancient Greek democracy. The latter created the word democracy which means "popular government". The predominant rule was monarchy, justified with a divine right to do so. Also the injust social reality that a rich class of few are ruling the mass of relatively poor people happens with the justification that God created the world in this existing mode, up to our days.

Popular government was demanded in the French Revolution 1789, against arbitrary kingdomship, it was successful (though later the kingdomship was renewed until 1871, in France), also "human rights" were claimed, in August 1789 in Paris.

Another source of modern democracy is religious. In England the "dissenters" were opponents against the hierarchy of English State Church, finally they emigrated and got in America as colonists a new homeland, later they fought against English monarchy and were enthusiastic followers of the ideas of republic and democracy (although today this image is a bit suffering by some political flaws of US politics in the world).

So the democratic idea is against privileges, against social classes, against unequal treatment of citizens, in the same way the democratic idea claims to warrant the people: equality before the law, full political participation of all citizens in the case of election the parliament or highest political offices (also participation of women who were excluded from voting until 19th century), and, last not least: All people should have the same chance for education appropriate to his or her abilities. Girls, of course should have the same chances! So Social Democrats (traditional the most important Party, but today not the only one left-wing Party in Germany) and liberal political leaders fought for the principle: One folk, one school (comprehensive school), one teacher training institution, one status of teachers. This means equality.

Very influential was the political theory of Karl Marx (until now, worldwide): that the organized workers should fight against capitalism. He said that the rule of the existing "class society" would end, progressive history will bring the working class success by socialist revolution to gain socialism (or communism). Then all human being would have the same rights, also in education. The Russian Revolution 1917 was founded of the doctrine of Karl Marx (and his friend Friedrich Engels), in the new Soviet Union settled by Lenin, and after his death by Stalin. It was a socialist school system.

And you are right, the "Real Socialism" was rather rough in being "equal" (apart from the leading Party-class) that the democratic idea of socialism (which concerned socialization of production, and taking away a big amount of the property of the capitalists), nevertheless the idea of equality gained influence. in Western countries the idea was claimed by Social Democratic Party, which also fought for equality in education, preferring the model of comprehensive school. This debate about traditional grammar school with elite-status versus comprehensive school got new accents in Germany after the end of GDR, 1990, but is going on.

So we should make a big difference between a LIBERAL democracy which exists in European countries (with or without monarchical kind of government) and SOCIALIST democracy - existing approximately, for instance, in Vietnam or in China - which produced an equality without high individual freedom, only with a severely limited personal freedom. Therefore the modern liberal-democratic state is founded of a sensitive balance between the liberal idea of "freedom for self-realization of every citizen" (this created social difference) and the democratic idea of equality which will give all citizen the same chances and opportunities. The latter however requires to limit absolute freedom of a single person in favor to strengthen and improve the common good.