Dear Simun Svilicic,

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It should represent the fact that your model is, from a thermodynamics point of view, a closed adiabatic system with no transfer of mass or heat to the surroundings. The occurrence of damage has 2 effects energetically: the creation of new surfaces (which requires energy) and dissipation. Dissipation comes in the form of heat or, most commonly and due to the characteristic high velocities of cracking, of acoustic emission, i.e. noise. You don't have these interactions in your model; thus, the total energy should increase, i.e. the material's temperature would increase.

However, you should check if the total energy is equal to the sum (with correct sign) of all its terms. In the following a review of how the total energy is calculated in Abaqus/Standard.

From Abaqus User's manual, the total energy is equal to:

ETOTAL = ALLKE + ALLIE + ALLVD + ALLSD + ALLKL + ALLFD + ALLJD + ALLCCE - ALLWK - ALLCCDW

ALLKE = kinetic energy (in steady-state dynamic analysis this is the cyclic mean value)

ALLIE = total internal energy

ALLVD = energy dissipated by viscous effects including viscous regularization (except for cohesive elements and cohesive contact), not inclusive of energy dissipated by automatic stabilization and viscoelasticity

ALLSD = energy dissipated by automatic stabilization, including both volumetric static stabilization and automatic approach of contact pairs (the latter part included only for the whole model)

ALLKL = loss of kinetic energy at impact (available only for the whole model)

ALLFD = total energy dissipated through frictional effects (available only for the whole model)

ALLJD = electrical energy dissipated due to flow of electrical current

ALLCCE = total contact constraint elastic energy due to penalty constraint enforcement (ALLCCEN + ALLCCET, see below)

ALLWK = external work (available only for the whole model)

ALLCCDW = contact constraint discontinuity work

where

ALLCCEN = contact constraint elastic energy in normal direction due to penalty constraint enforcement

ALLCCET = contact constraint elastic energy in tangential direction due to friction penalty constraint enforcement

and the total strain energy to:

ALLIE = ALLSE + ALLPD + ALLCD + ALLAE + ALLQB + ALLEE + ALLDMD

ALLSE = recoverable strain energy (in steady-state dynamic analysis this is the cyclic mean value)

ALLPD = energy dissipated by rate-independent and rate-dependent plastic deformation

ALLCD = energy dissipated by creep, swelling, viscoelasticity, and energy associated with viscous regularization for cohesive elements and cohesive contact

ALLAE = “artificial” strain energy associated with constraints used to remove singular modes (such as hourglass control), and with constraints used to make the drill rotation follow the in-plane rotation of the shell elements

ALLQB = energy dissipated through quiet boundaries (infinite elements, available only for the whole model)

ALLEE = electrostatic energy

ALLDMD = energy dissipated by damage

For your model, it should hold (based on your description, it could probably be further simplified):

ALLKE = 0

ALLKL = 0

ALLJD = 0

ALLQB = 0

ALLEE = 0

thus giving:

ETOTAL = ALLIE + ALLVD + ALLSD + ALLFD + ALLCCE - ALLWK - ALLCCDW=

= (ALLSE + ALLPD + ALLCD + ALLAE + ALLDMD) + ALLVD + ALLSD + ALLFD + ALLCCE - ALLWK - ALLCCDW

see

ftp://ftp.irit.fr/IRIT/TRACES/9176_rtcsa_2008_publie_michiel-loopbounds.pdf

Dear Mr. Lord,

Please send me, the Business Plan and Summry of the Project.

i am ready

Dear Luca

Thank you for the answer that is very logical (energy needed for creating two surfaces).