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To determine sex in mice using PCR, target the Sry gene on the Y chromosome and an autosomal control gene such as Il3. Extract genomic DNA from mouse tissue samples and design primers specific for Sry (e.g., forward: 5'-TGGGACTGGTGACAATTGTC-3'; reverse: 5'-GAGTACAGGTGTGCAGCTCT-3') and Il3 (e.g., forward: 5'-GGGACTCCAAGCTTCAATCA-3'; reverse: 5'-TGGAGGAGGAAGAAGCAGT-3'). Use a standard PCR protocol: initial denaturation at 94°C for 3 minutes, followed by 35 cycles of 94°C for 30 seconds, 60°C for 30 seconds, and 72°C for 30 seconds, with a final extension at 72°C for 5 minutes. This method ensures reliable sex determination by amplifying distinct segments of the X and Y chromosomes, allowing clear differentiation between male and female samples [1][2][3][4].
Reference
[1] McFarlane, L., Truong, V., Palmer, J. S., & Wilhelm, D. (2013). Novel PCR Assay for Determining the Genetic Sex of Mice. Sexual Development, 7, 207 - 211.
[2] Zhang, K., Yang, J., Qin, Z., Lu, T., Lou, D., Ran, Q., Huang, H., Cheng, S., Zellmer, L., Ma, H., & Liao, D. (2022). Establishment of New Genetic Markers and Methods for Sex Determination of Mouse and Human Cells using Polymerase Chain Reactions and Crude DNA Samples. Current Genomics, 23, 275 - 288.
[3] Dreesen, J., Dumoulin, J., Evers, J., Geraedts, J., & Pieters, M. (1995). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for sex determination of single mouse blastomeres.. Human reproduction, 10 3, 743-8 .
[4] Kima, P., & Rasche, M. (2004). Sex determination using PCR. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 32.