The USPSTF of USA recommends screening for cervical cancer in women age 21 to 65 years with cytology (Pap smear) every 3 years or, for women age 30 to 65 years who want to lengthen the screening interval, screening with a combination of cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing every 5 years.
What are the Clinical Considerations for discussion of cytology method, HPV testing, and screening interval?
What should be done in the resource-poor countries?
El documento , publicado en la revista Annals of Internal Medicine, afirma que hacer este examen cada año, en mujeres menores de 21 años o en mayores de 65 no ayuda a bajar el riesgo de cáncer.
Article Screening for Cervical Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task...
I naturally assumed that WHO would have something published on this topic and i wasn't wrong.
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/144785/1/9789241548953_eng.pdf?ua=1
It discusses but HPV-vaccinations and screening programs.
When cervical cancer is detected, I believe ultrasound could be the imaging modality of choice in staging and triaging, since it is accurate and cheap compared to MRI.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21898632
When to decide which modality of tests to use depends on the availability of funding available. If the patient has to pay out of her pocket when she cannot afford it then the purpose of the program will not be achieved especially if it is in a poor resource country.
Even when the program is fully funded by a government it may still be not effective if the patient refuses to attend for the test.
Whether it is a rich or poor resource country which ever method you should you will face barriers and challenges. What test is choosen a lot depends on the patient and the health care system.
There are several methods of cervical cancer screening. For resource-limited countries, account must be taken of the method, the material and human resources required by the method and the cost of the method. In some countries there are 10 anathomopathologists per 10 million inhabitants. You will understand that in this case it becomes difficult to use from a public health point of view cytological methods that require blades, electricity, and specialist for reading teh results.
Ltests screening should be adapted to the needs own of a country but adapted to the natural history of the virus infection human papilloma. mortality rates frequency and risk factors. considered to be based on the test of HPV mainly from 30 years ideally to 25 years either alone or with cytology based liquid greetings
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