Hi

Surface properties of materials are one of the most important factors in targeted drug delivery, especially in the use of nanostructures. The most important materials used in this field are nanostructures based on liposomes and micelles that determine hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. Other nanomaterials are used to improve the surface properties of nanocarriers. Biocompatible polymer nanostructures such as silk fibroin have a positive effect on the hydrophobicity of nanocarriers. Improving surface properties using nanomaterials in the treatment of cancer and targeted drug delivery to tissues has yielded promising results.

you can see the following links:

1. https://cdrjournal.com/article/view/3786

2. Article Self-assembled silk sericin/poloxamer nanoparticles as nanoc...

3. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bnm-2015-0030/html

4. Article Insight into Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking o...

5. Article Polyphosphoestered Nanomedicines with Tunable Surface Hydrop...

Miguel Pereira-Silva

I will divide your question into two parts:

1.how the virus enters the cell (live)

2. how the drug molecule, nanoparticles, penetrates the cell.

Both penetrations are explained without the participation of the water of our body, and this is a big mistake of the modern achievement of science.

1. To put it simply, it is now believed that the penetration of a virus occurs like opening a door with a lock (cage) with a key from a virus. In fact, according to our hypothesis, the cell and the virus with water are quantum harmonic oscillators. If the frequency of the oscillator of a cell with weak immunity coincides with the frequency of the oscillator of the virus (resonance), then it enters the cell. Of course, the spines of the virus and the surface of the cell (hydrophilicity) also play a role. If you are interested, then you can read about it in our works on simple models of surfactant micelles.

Preprint Strongly correlated electronic states in aqueous micellar su...

2. Hydrophobic drug molecules, nanoparticles are removed by placing them in micelles. Otherwise, they will not enter the bloodstream and will not be delivered to human organs. Here, too, the same mechanism should operate. The nature of molecules and nanoparticles, hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, concentration plays a role.

For example, we investigated the effect of surfactants on cell destruction. Before CMC, surfactants did not destroy the cell membrane, but penetrated in one place. If the concentration exceeds the CMC, then there is a total destruction of bacterial cells.

Article Mirgorod Yu.A., Mikhno I.L .Taran V.V. Test of bactericidal ...

Article Mirgorod Yu.A., Mikhno I.L .Taran V.V. The mechanism of acti...

I recommend the answer of Mr. Farrokhfar Valizadeh Harzand.