I guess you can determine the number of PV panels, number of batteries using using simulation software such as PVsyst. Its a 1 month free trial software

thanks Shaji sidney

Good question!

Let me start with solar PV panels case:

To calculate how many solar panels you need to provide 4,000 watts, you first must take into consideration the climate and peak sunlight in your area; the wattage and relative efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) technology of your panels; roof area available at your home, whether your home roof is facing south, etc.

In general, solar PV panels come in wattages ranging from about 150 watts to 345 watts per panel, depending on the panel size and the cell technology used to manufacture the modules. Then, all what you have to do is to divide your home’s power usage (4,000 watts) by the solar panels’ wattage to calculate the total number of panels you need. I recommend that you perform this simple calculation for the high-wattage panel option and the lower-wattage option to establish a range that will set your expectations realistically. For example:

4000 watts / 150 watts per panel = 27 panels

4000 watts / 345 watts per panel = 12 panels.

Hence, you now know the range 12 panels up to 27 panels depending on the manufacturer's specifications.

For calculations for the battery stack or diesel generator's cases are very simple and straight forward.

Hope this information helps answer your question.

Professor Yehia Khalil

Yale University

USA

Thank you Sir Yehia F. Khalil ·,your Answar is very simple and informative.

Dear Zafar,

Prof. Yehia khali explain in detail. I have a very good book of PV system, please find it in attachement. It will help you alot.

Regards,

Adan Ahmad

Zafar,

From the operational drill that you have described, it appears that there can be occasions where the load may have to be borne by either of the three sources entirely !

Therefore you must make each of those sources at least capable of carrying 4kW. The connection between the diesel, the battery, the PV, and the load must be in parallel - the protection systems being chosen accordingly.

-Sanjay

Adnan Ahmad thank you for sharing such a good book.

Thanks Sanjoy Roy  for your worthy comments.

Dear Qazi

In order to design a PV based power system, you have to take the following constraints

(i) Locality (ii) Peak Irradiation (iii) Number of hours of useful sunlight (efficient production) (iv) De rating factor of panels (v) Seasons and the local annual temperature variation and climatic conditions

If you need 1KW for 24 hours then, your total requirement is 24kWh.

The efficient operation can be possible only for 6 to 8 Hrs in a day. Hardly from 10 AM to 4 AM (6 Hours). During this 6 Hours, if you want to produce 1 kW/hour (6kWh) then, the panel raring must be 1.5 Times i.e., 1.5kW (Say 250 W x 6 panels). Then to produce 24kWh you need to have 6 x 4 panels of 250W size (250 W x 24 panels = 6000 Watts).

The battery bank size will be extremely large for 4kW x 24 Hrs

system. Cos, your production will be 8 Hrs and the remaining 16 hrs must be supplied from battery.

Visit this sites: http://pvwatts.nrel.gov

http://www.solartechnology.co.uk/support-centre/calculating-your-solar-requirments

thank you very much Sheik Mohammed Sulthan for valuable comments.

"i have 4000 watts of load in a home the load will be 24 hours running". What kind of home is it? You have selected this data only for modeling and analysis? 4 (kWh) Units an hour, 96 Units/day and 2880 units a month looks very ODD. Consider these points if you feel they are acceptable

(i) 4000 Watts full load is acceptable. But, None of the house operates all of its electrical loads for 24 Hours.

(ii) The refrigerator which works all day long in a house in even utilizing electricity for 16 Hrs on a day in average.

(iii) The average consumption of a moderate house is ranging from 5 (kWh) units to 10 units or even 20 units a day. 

(iv) The two major appliances consume more power are A/C and Heater. (Should use solar water heater)

Modernized technologies brought energy saving appliances (LED lights, 5 Star rating air conditioning) to the market. So, when we design a solar PV system, it is very much necessary to reduce the power consumption as much as we can for efficient and economical design.

These are my personal (technical) opinions.

Download HOMER and see how you can use it to solve your problem. You have so many parameters you can adjust. In addition to what you mentioned, you need to set the use of your generator, the economic constraints, the location for solar radiation, the life expectancy of the batteries, the project lifetime, the load profile and so on. It is important to consider an hourly profile for the whole year to make sure you take into account the variation of the climate.

Thank you Sheik Mohammed Sulthan  and Joseph Kenfack for valuable comments.

Sheik Mohammed Sulthan actually the load i mentioned 4000 watts for 24 hours is exactly as below.which i want to run 8 hours directly on PV and rest 16 hours on Battery bank charged by PV.

Fan...... load 12am,9-10am,1pm-4pm,9-10pm total running=9

Optional lighting....... load 8am-9am,10pm-11pm total running=4

heated towel rails..... load 7am-9pm,1pm-2pm,8pm-10pm total running=8

PC..... load 10am-11pm, total running=15

TV....... load 5pm-11pm total running=7

Outdoor lighting...... load 8pm-6am total running=11

Electric clock.......load running=24

your comments and corrections are welcome can you again explained in term of above load ,the number of hours and power rating is given below

time_slots=[9 4 8 15 7 11 24];% No of hours for appliances to run

power rating=[0.020 0.650 0.090 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.004];% power ratings of Appliancess in Killo  Watts,lights are considered more than one ,5 or 10 etc.

I would suggest modelling the curves of the house before going for a hybrid system analysis. I am quite confident that you are not considering a house rather than a small commercial establishment. Whatever it might be, please calculate the net energy consumption of appliances in KWh and then model the hybrid system in HOMER.

Ajitesh Panigrahi i am using Matlab and not used Homer ever,is HOMER Freeware.

You may use “HOMER” energy tool, it provide acceptable and practical solution for your energy systems. Further, it is having enough data including renewable energy (solar, wind, etc.) you may use these data in your design.

thanks Abdul Majeed Muzathik ,V C Kapsalis

Dear Qazi

Your total requirement is 4kW/day in total. In this case, your system would be smaller.

Follow the same procedure for calculation.

Consider maximum generation for six hours a day. So, you have to produce 4 kW in 6 Hours (consider battery losses also into account). Now, 4000/6 = 666.66 i.e., 700 Watts/hour.

Panel sizing 700* 1.5 = 1050, You can have 1000W panels, 1kVA Inverter and battery. Battery sizing depends on the current (it falls on amount of energy you need to store).

You can optimize the system size (panels) by properly analyzing the day light hours, irradiation pattern and seasons. Hope this would be useful.

Thanks Sheik Mohammed Sulthan

I have seen some simulations in the following link.

I dont know whether it will be useful for you

The details of the simulations served till now.At a glance

1) 3 phase induction motor modeling in simulink environment

Link :https://youtu.be/0sUUGRP1kYU

2)Simulink for measuring solar module efficiency

Link: https://youtu.be/fo2FUls1PC8

3)3 phase harmonic filters modeling in simulink

Link :https://youtu.be/Z5K4xPQ1bas

4)Solar powered water pumping system simulink

Link: https://youtu.be/MDifdomGt_A

5)Simulink model of a breaker incorporated with an inductive circuit

Link:https://youtu.be/xYvZ2ME-RGc

6)Buck dc-dc converter simulation matlab simulink

Link :https://youtu.be/jAMlocnqGWA

7)CUK converter for voltage stabilisation

link: https://youtu.be/a3G7n87HBrE

8)Vehicle to GRID Simulation in Matlab Simulink

Link:https://youtu.be/BIGH1fKAnu4

9)Single phase transformerless grid connected PV array

Link:https://youtu.be/wccKbiJ8QPQ

10) Partial shading effects in solar array

Link:https://youtu.be/5wabt4cGPvs

11)wind generator simulink model

Link :https://youtu.be/IeWTKdQObmw

12)Detailed Model of a 100-kW Grid-Connected PV Array

Link:https://youtu.be/BCzCVCn8UM0

13)Grid connected inverter matlab simulation

Link:https://youtu.be/mKRfJaWSZ7E

14)DC-AC grid interconnection

Link:https://youtu.be/RGEIpbwP3Kk

thanks anil yes these videos are helpful to some extent

HOMER software is very good to answer all your questions and even more

http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/148183

http://www.ijmer.com/papers/Vol4_Issue2/Version-2/IJMER-42026371.pdf

http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/22686/InTech-Optimum_design_of_a_hybrid_renewable_energy_system.pdf

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.149.1807&rep=rep1&type=pdf