Recently, I tried to administer pulmonary formulation in rats and in literature with an modified method comparing with several others.
Using the Penn Century (1), instillation (2), cannulation via tracheostomy (3) or nebulization (4)
The problems are:
(1) Penn; high standard deviation, poor reproducibility and repeatability.
(2) instillation for dry powder is out of context
(3) tracheostomy is very invasive and can be a problem in extended times (more than one administration)
(4) Nebulization falls in the same problematic of Penn Century
Knowing all these techniques and problems, recently, using and reference article, with one cannula along the upper respiratory tract, otoscope to identify trachea, it was possible to administer powders in 2-3 seconds, with an excellent repeatability for the same formulation and different formulations.
What I need to discuss is: if you work with powders for pulmonary administration, what is the chosen technique and knowing the problematics associated, why these techs?
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