Inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs leads to Pseudomonas spp or any other bacterial spp to aquire Multi drug resistant genes like ESBL, MBL and other drug resistance mechanisms. To combat with MDR we can use alternative of commonly used antibiotics for treatment of MDR bacteria e.g- Outer Membrane Protein Targeting Antibiotics (OMPTA), bacteriophage therapy, Artificial antimicobial peptides and lysins etc.

There are several mechanisms to resist antibiotics such as lowering permeability, efflux systems' expression, production of enzymes that inactivate antibiotics and modify the antibiotics targets . P. aeruginosa displays nearly utmost of these investigated mechanisms through chromosomally dependent or through genetic determinants causing resistance by importation which in turn deactivate the major classes of antibiotics such as β-lactams, quinolones, polymyxins and aminoglycosides

I think you already have the answers from the excellent replies above. Pseudomonas. sp have a wide range of capabilities to breakdown organic molecules and therefore inactivate antibiotics, combined with there ability to exchange genetic information by a wide range of plasmids they can soon allow proliferation of the resistance within the population.

Andrew

Commonly every bacteria ability to develop resistance properties is by the possession of peptidoglycan cell walls .

They posses exosperium.

They also posses cortex and lastly they have the ability to produce spores.

Kadaaga Naeem ?????!!!!!!!!

P. aeruginosa has always been considered a difficult target in anti-infectious chemotherapy. This observation was explained after complete sequencing of the P. aeruginosa genome. In fact, 0.3% of its genes are directly involved in resistance mechanisms and it is able to acquire large mobile elements (integrons) coding for resistance traits from other bacteria.

I suggest to follow this link.

Article Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century

More than 20 years ago, there is no new antibiotics S. aeruginosa. Medicinal chemist theories says the chemical structure modification can overcome problem?

Your question is very valid. However, remember that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (especially) does not have a good endonuclease system to discard any foreign DNA that might enter in the cell. In most case these DNAs gets expressed (if not over expressed) and shows many characters like multiple drug resistance (it is not that other bacteria do not show such properties). There are several antibiotics that are being discovered virtually every day, to overcome such problem (especially if it occurrs as a nosocomial infection). My suggestion would be to go slightly off the track and try searching for non-conventional therapeutic compounds (mostly from the point of view of ethobotanical aspect), as disease management tools, to handle these deadly drug resistance in Pseudomonas.

Dear Abdulkareem, why the pseudomonas is MDR, a lot of explanations have already been stated above by our respected colleagues. However, I would like to contribute here some of the most effective antibiotic regimens available against Pseuodomonas, as for this bacterium always combination therapy is the best acceptable solution and these are;

1. Ceftolozane + Tazobactam

2. Ceftazidime + Avibactam (not very effect against Pseudomonas Efflux system, but still has major activity against them)

3. Imipenem + Relebactam (Recarbrio)

4. Cefiderocol (A new type of siderophore cephalosporin described as Trojan-Horse Antibiotic, as it enters the bacterial cells through a deceptive path by binding to iron required by the bacteria themselves and through bacterial owns iron-transport channels)

And this alone as a monotherapy has been found fantastic and is still under clinical trials.

Regards....