Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is an intriguing aspect of process wastewater treatment in industry. The evaporation of water leaving behind the residual salts may consume lot of energy which in turn can prove to be detrimental to the environmental conservation goals we are trying to achieve globally. One approach in this regard is the use of solar energy (sustainable or renewable energy source for that matter) for effecting the process of evaporation. However, the line of thought of industry in establishing such a system is unclear as of now. The major areas of concern in this regard are:
- CAPEX and OPEX
- Payback period
- Non-uniform solar power availability.
It is, therefore, requested that all the academia and the industry throw light on these aspects of use of solar energy in achieving ZLD.
The oil palm industry has been using evaporation ponds for decades to 'treat' palm oil effluent (POME). However this wastewater has a high BOD which resulted anaerobic conditions in these ponds and release of greenhouse gas methane. The favoured solution in the case of POME is to produce biogas instead followed by aerobic treatment. In places where watershortage is common the reuse of the effluent after further treatment (e.g. UF and RO) is also meaningful. Instead of conventional aerobic treatment microalgae cultivation is also explored.
In short, solar ponds may be suitable for some kinds of ww in certain geographical regions but not in all.
My two cents...
Dear Anand
I Think that :
maximizes water usage eciency has attracted renewed interest worldwide in recent years. Although implementation of ZLD reduces water pollution and augments water supply, the technology is constrained by high cost and intensive
energy consumption.
the drivers, incentives, technologies, and environmental impacts of ZLD. Within this framework, the global applications of ZLD in the United States and emerging economies such as China and India are examined.
The environmental impacts of ZLD, greenhouse gas emission and generation of solid waste, are and the prospects of ZLD New technologies
Regards
Ali
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