Besides the procedures in adapting a psychological scale, are there any prohibitions or limitations in adapting a scale into another language and culture?
Firstly, it is important to take scale consent from the author of original work. Then ofcourse, you begin with pilot testing to see how items perform.
Not quite a limitation yet the hindrance include cultural sensitivity to how population responds to the items responded to.
The major challenge is to get expert translations who ideally have a doctoral degree in the target language and of course, in the language that scale is in.
The more robust the translation, the model will fit.
Fanny Amalia, I refer to this as a problem of measurement disjuncture (Sul, 2019). That is, the misalignment that results when aspects of one cultural worldview are superimposed onto another culture in the instrument development process. The result is increased measurement error and, ultimately, a diminishment in the validity of the results.
My work is in the development of culturally specific assessments (Sul, 2019; Sul, 2021) to address the problem of measurement disjuncture. It begins with a reflection on what is important to measure from the perspective of those who most closely experience the phenomenon. It requires additional work to build these instruments but they are intended to produce more accurate results.
While adapting a psychological scale into another language and culture, it's crucial to be aware of certain prohibitions and limitations:
Cultural Sensitivity:Avoid items that may be culturally insensitive or inappropriate in the target culture. Ensure that the scale items are relevant and acceptable within the cultural context to prevent potential biases.
Linguistic Nuances:Be cautious of linguistic nuances that may not have direct equivalents in the target language. Ensure that translated items maintain the intended meaning without introducing confusion.
Cultural Norms and Values:Understand and respect the cultural norms and values of the target population. Items that align with the values of one culture may not be suitable for another.
Measurement Equivalence:Ensure measurement equivalence across cultures. This involves assessing whether the scale measures the same construct in a consistent manner across different cultural groups.
Bias and Fairness:Avoid items that may introduce bias or favor specific demographic groups. The adapted scale should be fair and applicable to diverse populations.
Cultural Appropriateness:Assess the appropriateness of the scale within the cultural context. Consider whether the concepts and items align with the cultural understanding of the target population.
Pilot Testing:Conduct pilot testing to identify any unforeseen issues with the adapted scale. Feedback from the target population can help uncover potential problems and improve the scale's cultural validity.
Ethical Considerations:Adhere to ethical guidelines and ensure that the adaptation process respects the rights and well-being of participants in the target culture.
Contextual Relevance:Ensure that the scale items are contextually relevant. Items that make sense in one cultural setting may need adjustment to align with the realities of another culture.
Cross-Cultural Validation:Cross-cultural validation is essential to establish the reliability and validity of the adapted scale in the new cultural context.
By being mindful of these prohibitions and limitations, researchers can contribute to the development of culturally valid and reliable psychological scales. Adapting scales with careful consideration helps ensure that research findings are applicable and meaningful across diverse cultural settings.