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Article Nitrogen Balance in a Highly Fertilized Rice–Wheat Double-Cr...
Article Water and nitrogen-balance and -use efficiency in a rice (Or...
DNDC model was generally able to capture the
major effects of N and water on rice and wheat crop
performance and balances of N in the rice–wheat systems.
. Patahk et al (Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70:1612–1622 ,2006) showed that 30.4% of applied N was lost from the system and NH3 volatilization
was the major loss mechanism, followed by leaching and
denitrification. The simulated balance of N was negative.
This shows the vulnerability of the system
and calls for improved N management to stop the
depletion of soil N. This is particularly true for the states
of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, where the depletion of
soil N is the largest and immediate attention needs to
be paid to minimize this depletion. The application of a
higher amount of chemical N, substitution of a part of
chemical N by organic N, and use of better management
techniques to increase N use efficiency have been found
to reduce the depletion and improve soil N status; however,
higher fertilizer N use leads to more losses of N,
which may cause environmental pollution. New tools for
fertilizer management are therefore needed to reconcile
the legitimate aims of improving N management and
reducing losses and optimizing N application (Ladha
et al., 2005). The analysis suggests that models such as
the DNDC could be applied for studying N-related
issues in the rice–wheat cropping systems of India and
would be very useful to accelerate the application of
available knowledge at field, farm, and regional levels
for quantifying N losses and optimizing N management.
Planning and agricultural extension personnel can use
this tool for optimizing fertilizer availability and
distribution in the various states, while the farmers can
use it for improved fertilizer management. This model
can also be used as a regulatory tool to make projections
of future outcomes of fertilizer management scenarios
with respect to key environmental areas such as N leaching and environmental pollution.
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